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Polymer-supported phase transfer catalysts: Reaction mechanisms

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Book cover Solar Energy-Phase Transfer Catalysis-Transport Processes

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 55))

Abstract

Polymer-supported phase transfer catalysts are insoluble polymers having covalently bound functional groups active as catalysts for reactions between anions and neutral organic substrates. The active functional groups may be quaternary ammonium or phosphonium ions, crown ethers, cryptands, grafted poly(ethylene glycols), or analogues of dipolar aprotic solvents. The polymer most often used is polystyrene, but other synthetic polymers, silica gel, and alumina have been used also. The reactions are carried out in triphase mixtures of organic liquid, solid or aqueous inorganic salt; and solid catalyst. The chemical reactions take place within the polymer matrix or on the polymer surface. With heterogeneous catalysts the reaction rates may be limited by mass transfer of reactants to the catalyst surface, intraparticle diffusion of reactants to the active sites, or intrinsic reactivity at the active sites. An analysis of the experimental parameters which affect catalytic activity and their mechanisms of action is presented.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 74078, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA

    Warren T. Ford

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 240, Yokohama, Japan

    Masao Tomoi

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  1. Warren T. Ford
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  2. Masao Tomoi
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Ford, W.T., Tomoi, M. (1984). Polymer-supported phase transfer catalysts: Reaction mechanisms. In: Solar Energy-Phase Transfer Catalysis-Transport Processes. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 55. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12592-2_5

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