Abstract
The structural features of cellulose which are important to enzymatic degradation are discussed. Pretreatments to facilitate the accessibility of cellulose are reviewed; in situ wet milling, semi-chemical pulping, and solvent pretreatment are considered the most effective to-date.
The hydrolysis of cellulose by enzyme is a complex phenomenon affected by both the structure of the substrate and condition of reaction. Analyses based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics had limited success. Results from traditional kinetic analysis indicated that cellulose was normally degraded as if it were homogeneous for the enzyme. However, under some specific conditions, such as in situ wet milling and solvent pretreatment, a bimodal degradation might prevail. A comprehensive model to account for this variable mode of cellulose hydrolysis is discussed.
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Abbreviations
- β:
-
β-bonds
- a, b, c, Ï‘:
-
unit cell dimensional parameters
- DP:
-
degree of polymerization
- Ã…:
-
Angstrom
- LODP:
-
leveling-off degree of polymerization
- βL :
-
looped β-bond
- S1, S2, S3:
-
three sublayers of the secondary wall
- m:
-
meter
- g:
-
gram
- h:
-
hour
- °C:
-
degree Celsius
- Cx :
-
endo-glucanase
- C1 :
-
exo-glucanase
- Cb :
-
cellobiase
- E:
-
enzyme
- S:
-
substrate
- P:
-
product
- t:
-
time
- E0 :
-
total enzyme concentration
- k1 k2, k−1 :
-
reaction rate constants
- v:
-
reaction rate
- V:
-
maximum velocity
- S0 :
-
initial substrate concentration
- Xm :
-
absorption parameter of enzyme
- KM :
-
Michaelis-Menten constant
- K, K′:
-
reaction rate constants
- A, B, D:
-
constants
- Ks :
-
dissociation constant for ES complex
- Ki, Kc :
-
inhibition constants for enzyme and complex respectively
- ki :
-
rate constant for ith component
- Si :
-
substrate concentration of ith component
- C:
-
molecular cellulose
- k:
-
rate constant
- Ci :
-
molecular cellulose of component i
- Pi :
-
product produced from component i
- α:
-
fraction of cellulose molecules undergo consecutive reaction
- I:
-
intermediate chain length cellulose
- K′, k″:
-
rate constants
- HC:
-
hydrocellulose
- αi :
-
fraction of cellulose component i undergo consecutive reaction
- ki′, ki″:
-
rate constants of component i
- (HC)i :
-
hydrocellulose from component i
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Chang, M.M., Chou, T.Y.C., Tsao, G.T. (1981). Structure, pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulose. In: Bioenergy. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11018-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11018-6_2
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