Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
8. References
Alexander, P., Fox, M.: The role of free radicals in the degradation of high polymers by ultrasonic and by high-speed stirring. J. Polym. Sci. 12, 533 (1954).
Basedow, A. M., Ebert, K. H.: Zum Mechanismus des Abbaus von Polymeren in Lösung durch Ultraschall. Makromol. Chem. 176, 745 (1975).
Basedow, A. M.: Untersuchungen über den Abbau von Dextran durch Ultraschall in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln. Thesis, University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Chemistry 1973.
Basedow, A. M., Ebert, K. H., Ederer, H., Hunger, H.: Die Bestimmung der Molekulargewichtsverteilung von Polymeren durch Permeationschromatographie an porösem Glas. Makromol. Chem. 177, 1501 (1976).
Bergmann, L.: Der Ultraschall. Hirzel Verlag (1954).
De Boer, J. H.: The influence of van der Waals forces and primary bonds on binding energy, strength and orientation. Trans. Far. Soc. 32, 10 (1936).
Bohn, L.: Schalldruckverlauf und Spektrum bei der Schwingungskavitation. Acustica 7, 201 (1957).
Blandamer, M. J.: Introduction to chemical ultrasonics. Academic Press 1973.
Bradbury, J. H., O'Shea, J. M.: The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on proteins. Austral. J. Biol. Sci. 26, 583 (1973).
Bueche, F.: Mechanical degradation of high polymers. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 4 (10), 101 (1960).
Butyagin, P. Y.: Kinetics and nature of mechanochemical reactions. Russ. Chem. Rev. 40 (11), 901 (1971).
Chandra, S., Roy-Chowdhury, P., Biswas, A. B.: Ultrasonic degradation of sol rubber in solution. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 8, 2653 (1964).
Chandra, S., Roy-Chowdhury, P., Biswas, A. B.: Ultrasonic degradation of macromolecules in solution. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 10, 1089 (1966).
Chendke, P. K., Fogler, H. S.: Second-order sonochemical phenomena: extensions of previous work and applications in industrial processing. Chem. Eng. J. 8, 165 (1974).
Davison, P. F., Levinthal, C.: Degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid under hydrodynamic shearing forces. J. Mol. Biol. 3, 674 (1961).
Davison, P. F., Freifelder, D.: Studies in the sonic degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid, Biophys. J. 2, 235 (1962).
Él'Piner: Ultrasound: Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects. Consultants Bureau (1964).
Él'Tsefon, B. S., Berlin, A. A.: Investigations in the mechanochemistry of polymers XIII. Vysokomolekul. Soedin. 4, 1033 (1962).
Flügge, S.: Encyclopaedia of Physics 11/2 — 2. Springer Verlag (1962).
Flynn, H. G.: Physics of Acoustic Cavitation in Liquids. In: Physical acoustics Vol. 1-B. Mason, W. (ed.), p. 51. Academic Press 1964.
Fujiwara, H., Okazaki, K., Goto, K.: Mechanochemical reaction of polymers by ultrasonic irradiation I. J. Polym. Sci. 13, 953 (1975).
Glynn, P. A., Van der Hoff, B. M., Reilly, P. M.: A general model for prediction of molecular weight distributions of degraded polymers. J. Macromol. Sci. A6 (8) 1653 (1972).
Glynn, P. A., Van der Hoff, B. M.: Degradation of polystyrene in solution by ultrasonation. A molecular weight distribution study. J. Macromol. Sci. A7 (8), 1695 (1973).
Glynn, P. A., Van der Hoff, B. M.: The rate of degradation by ultrasonation of polystyrene in solution. J. Macromol. Sci. A8 (2), 429 (1974).
Gooberman, G.: Ultrasonics: Theory and application. Hart Publishing Co. 1969.
Gooberman, G.: Ultrasonic degradation of polystyrene. Part 1. J. Polym. Sci. 42, 25 (1960).
Gooberman, G., Lamb, J.: Ultrasonic degradation of polystyrene. Part 2. J. Polym. Sci. 42, 35 (1960).
Gooberman, G.: Ultrasonic degradation of polystyrene. Part 3. J. Polym. Sci. 47, 229 (1960).
Gueth, W.: Zur Entstehung der Stoßwellen bei der Kavitation. Acustica 6, 526 (1956).
Gueth, W., Mundry, E.: Kinematographische Untersuchungen der Schwingungskavitation. Acustica 7, 241 (1957).
Harrington, R. E., Zimm, B. H.: Degradation of polymers by controlled hydrodynamic shear. J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1), 161 (1965).
Harrington, R. E.: Degradation of polymers in high speed rotary homogenizers. J. Polym. Sci. 4, 489 (1966).
Henglein, A.: Die Auslösung und der Verlauf der Polymerisation des Acrylamids unter dem Einfluß von Ultraschallwellen. Makromol. Chem. 14, 15 (1954).
Henglein, A.: Die Reaktion des DPPH mit langkettigen freien Radikalen. Makromol. Chem. 15, 188 (1955).
Henglein, A.: Die Kombination von freien makromolekularen Radikalen, die durch Ultraschallabbau von Polymethacrylsäuremethylester und von Polystyrol gebildet werden. Makromol. Chem. 18, 37 (1956).
Heymach, G. J., Jost, D. E.: The alteration of molecular weight distributions of polymers by ultrasonic energy. J. Polym. Sci. C25, 145 (1968).
Hughes, D. E., Nyborg, W. L.: Cell disruption by ultrasound. Science 138, 108 (1962).
Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 4 (6), 745 (1951).
Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 6 (6), 757 (1951).
Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 3. J. Polym. Sci. 7 (1), 21 (1951).
Jellinek, H. H., White, G.: The degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 4. J. Polym. Sci. 7 (1), 33 (1951).
Jellinek, H. H., Brett, H. W.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 5. J. Polym. Sci. 13, 111 (1954).
Jellinek, H. H., Brett, H. W.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 6. J. Polym. Sci. 21, 535 (1956).
Jellinek, H. H.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 7. J. Polym. Sci. 22, 149 (1956).
Jellinek, H. H.: Degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. 8. J. Polym. Sci. 37, 485 (1959).
Johnson, W. R., Price, C. C.: Shear degradation of vinyl polymers in dilute solution by high-speed stirring. J. Polym. Sci. 45, 217 (1960).
Lippincott, E. R., Schroeder, R.: General relation between potential energy and internuclear distance for diatomic and polyatomic molecules. J. Chem. Phys. 23 (6), 1131 (1955).
Marique, L. A., Houghton, G.: Analog computer solution of the modified Rayleigh equation and parameters affecting cavitation. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 122 (1962).
Mark, H.: Some applications of ultrasonics in high-polymer research. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 16 (3), 183 (1945).
Mason, W.: Physical Acoustics Vol. II-A, B. Academic Press 1965.
Mellen, R. H.: An experimental study of the collapse of a spherical cavity in water. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 28 (3), 447 (1956).
Melville, H. W., Murray, A. J.: The ultrasonic degradation of polymers. Trans. Far. Soc. 46, 996 (1950).
Minnaert, M.: On musical air-bubbles and the sound of running water. Phil. Magaz. 16 (7), 235 (1933).
Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 22, 535 (1956).
Mostafa, M. A.: The degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 27, 473 (1958).
Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 3. J. Polym. Sci. 28, 499 (1958).
Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 4. J. Polym. Sci. 28, 519 (1958).
Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 5. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 295 (1958).
Mostafa, M. A.: Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. 6. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 311 (1958).
Mostafa, M. A.: A Mechanism of degradation of long-chain molecules by ultrasonic waves. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 323 (1958).
Nakano, A., Minoura, Y., Kasuya, T., Kawamura, S.: Degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) by high-speed stirring. J. Polym. Sci. 5, 125 (1967).
Nakano, A., Minoura, Y.: Degradation of polymers by high-speed stirring. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 15, 927 (1971).
Nakano, A., Minoura, Y.: Effect of solvents on the degradation of polymers by high-speed stirring. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 16, 627 (1972).
Noltingk, B. E.: The effects of Intense Ultrasonics in Liquids. In: Encyclopaedia of physics. Flügge, S. (ed.), p. 259. Springer-Verlag 1962.
Noltingk, B. E., Neppiras, E. A.: Cavitation produced by ultrasonics. Proc. Phys. Soc. B63, 674 (1950).
Noltingk, B. E., Neppiras, E. A.: Cavitation produced by ultrasonics: theoretical conditions for the onset of cavitation. Proc. Phys. Soc. B64 (12), 1032 (1951).
Nosov, V.: Ultrasonics in the chemical Industry. Consultants Bureau (1965).
Okuyama, M., Sata, N.: Der Ultraschallabbau langkettiger Moleküle. 1. Z. Elektrochem. 58 (3), 197 (1954).
Okuyama, M.: Der Ultraschallabbau langkettiger Moleküle und der Mechanismus der Kavitation. 2. Z. Elektrochem. 59 (6), 565 (1955).
Okuyama, M., Hirose, T.: Mechanics of ultrasonic degradation of linear high polymer and ultrasonic cavitation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 7, 591 (1963).
Okuyama, M., Hirose, T.: Physico-chemical approach to ultrasonic cavitation. Kolloid Zeitsch. 226 (1), 70 (1967).
Ovenall, D. W., Hastings, G. W.: The degradation of polymer molecules in solution under the influence of ultrasonic waves. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 207 (1958).
Ovenall, D. W., Allen, P. E., Burnett, G. M., Hastings, G. W., Melville, H. W.: The degradation of polymer molecules in solution under the influence of ultrasonic waves. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 33, 213 (1958).
Ovenall, D. W.: Ultrasonic degradation of polymer molecules in solution: some comments on recent papers. J. Polym. Sci. 42, 455 (1960).
Porter, R. S., Cantow, M. J. Johnson, J. F.: Sonic degradation of polyisobutylene in solution. J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1), 15 (1964).
Porter, R. S., Cantow, M. J. Johnson, J. E.: Polymer degradation. 5. Changes in molecular weight distribution during sonic irradiation of polyisobutene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 11, 335 (1967).
Porter, R. S., Casale, A.: The mechanochemistry of high polymers. Rubber Chem. Techn. 1971, 534.
Pritchard, N. J., Hughes, D. E., Peacocke, A. R.: The ultrasonic degradation of biological macromolecules under condition of stable caviation. 1. Biopolymers 4, 259 (1966).
Pritchard, N. J., Peacocke, A. R.: The ultrasonic degradation of biological macromolecules under condition of stable cavitation. 2. Biopolymers 6, 605 (1968).
Rayleigh, L.: On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity. Phil. Magaz. 34, 94 (1917).
Richards, O. C., Boyer, P. D.: Chemical mechanism of sonic, acid, alkaline and enzymic degradation of DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 2, 327 (1965).
Schmid, J.: Kinematographische Untersuchungen der Einzelblasen-Kavitation. Acustica 9, 321 (1959).
Schmid, G., Rommel, O.: Zerreißen von Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Z. Physikal. Chem. 185 (2), 97 (1939).
Schmid, G.: Zur Kinetik der Ultraschalldepolymerisation. Z. Physikal. Chem. 186 (3), 113 (1940).
Schmid, G., Rommel, O.: Zerreißen von Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Z. Elektrochem. 45 (9), 659 (1939).
Schmid, G.: Zerreiben von Molekülen. Versuch einer Erklärung der depolymerisierenden Wirkung von Ultraschallwellen. Phys. Z. 41, 326 (1940).
Schmid, G., Beuttenmüller, E.: Ultraschallbeitrag zur Frage der Biegsamkeit der Makromoleküle. Z. Elektrochem. 49 (4–5), 325 (1943).
Schmid, G., Beuttenmüller, E.: Der Einfluß der Temperatur auf den Abbau von linearen Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Z. Elektrochem. 50 (9–10), 209 (1944).
Schmid, G., Poppe, W.: Die Frequenzunabhängigkeit des Ultraschallabbaus von Makromolekülen. Z. Elektrochem. 53 (1), 28 (1949).
Schmid, G., Paret, G., Pfleiderer, H.: Die mechanische Natur des Abbaus von Makromolekülen mit Ultraschall. Kolloid-Z. 124 (3), 150 (1951).
Schmid, G., Schneider, C., Henglein, A.: Die Veränderung der Polymer-Einheitlichkeit beim Ultraschall-Abbau von Polymethacrylsäuremethylester. Kolloid-Z. 148 (1–2), 73 (1956).
Schoon, T. G., Kretschmer, R.: Versuch einer Deutung bei der elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung von festen Polymeren. Kolloid-Z. 211 (1–2), 53 (1966).
Schoon, T. G., Rieber, G.: Theorie des Ultraschall-Abbaus von Polymeren in Lösung auf der Grundlage des Perlschnurmolekül-Modells. Angew. Makromol. Chem. 15 (226), 263 (1971).
Schoon, T. G., Rieber, G.: Ultraschallabbau und Mikromorphologie amorpher Hochpolymeren. Angew. Makromol. Chem. 23 (307), 43 (1972).
Schoon, T. G., Rieber, G.: Theorie des Ultraschallabbaus auf der Grundlage des Perlschnurmolekül-Modells. Angew. Makromol. Chem. 49 (704), 23 (1976).
Shaw, M. T., Rodriguez, F.: Ultrasonic degradation of polysiloxane solutions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 11, 991 (1967).
Smith, W. B., Temple, H. W.: Polymer studies by gel permeation chromatography. 4. The degradation of polystyrene by ultrasonics and by benzoyl peroxide. J. Phys. Chem. 72 (13), 4613 (1968).
Stuart, H.: Molekülstruktur. Springer-Verlag 1967.
Stuart, H.: Die Physik der Hochpolymeren. Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag 1952.
Suppanz, N.: Über Kinetik und Mechanismus des Abbaus von Polymeren in Lösung mit Ultraschall, Thesis, University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Chemistry 1972.
Thomas, B. B., Alexander, W. J.: Ultrasonic degradation of cellulose nitrate. 1. J. Polym. Sci. 15, 361 (1955).
Thomas, B. B., Alexander, W. J.: Ultrasonic degradation of cellulose nitrate. 2. J. Polym. Sci. 25, 285 (1957).
Thomas, J. R.: Sonic degradation of high polymers in solution. J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1725 (1959).
Thomas, J. R., De Vries, L.: Sonically induced heterolytic cleavage of polymethylsiloxane J. Phys. Chem. 63, 254 (1959).
Weissler, A.: Depolymerization by ultrasonic irradiation: the role of cavitation. J. Appl. Phys. 21, 171 (1950).
Weissler, A.: Cavitation in ultrasonic depolymerization. J. Appl. Phys. 23, 370 (1951).
Wilke, G., Altenburg, K.: Ultraschallabbau von Hochpolymeren. Plaste und Kautschuk 3 (10), 219 (1956).
Wilke, G., Altenburg, K.: Ultraschallabbau von Hochpolymeren. Plaste und Kautschuk 3 (11), 257 (1956).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Basedow, A.M., Ebert, K.H. (1977). Ultrasonic degradation of polymers in solution. In: Physical Chemistry. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07942-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07942-4_6
Received:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-07942-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-38035-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive