Summary
The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of neuronal remodeling and repair after cold injury-induced brain edema using immunoassays of nestin, 3CB2, and TUC-4. Male ddN strain mice were subjected to cold-induced cortical injury. Animals were divided into the following 6 groups: 1) 1-day after injury, 2) 1-week after injury, 3) 2-weeks after injury, 4) 1-month after injury, 5) sham, and 6) normal controls. Brain water content measurement, Western blot analysis, histological examination, and neurobehavioral examination were performed.
Brain water content was significantly increased in the ipsilateral cortex at 1-day after injury. At 1-day and 1-week after injury, immunoreactivity of nestin, 3CB2, and TUC-4 were absent. Nestin was expressed in 3CB2-positive astrocytes at 1-month after injury, and nestin expression with TUC-4 was present in the hippocampal cell layer. Neurobehavioral function of the 1-month after injury group was significantly improved compared with function 1-day after injury. These results suggest that delayed precursor cell marker expression in glia and neuron-like cells might be part of adaptation to the injury. Although brain injury causes brain edema and neuronal death, there is the possibility of remodeling.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Clarke SR, Shetty AK, Bradley JL, Turner DA (1994) Reactive astrocytes express the embryonic intermediate neurofilament nestin. Neuroreport 5: 1885–1888
Colicos MA, Dixon CE, Dash PK (1996) Delayed, selective neuronal death following experimental cortical impact injury in rats: possible role in memory deficits. Brain Res 739: 111–119
Dahlstrand J, Lardelli M, Lendahl U (1995) Nestin mRNA expression correlates with the central nervous system progenitor cell state in many, but not all, regions of the developing central nervous system. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 84: 109–129
Dash PK, Mach SA, Moore AN (2001) Enhanced neurogenesis in the rodent hippocampus following traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 63: 313–319
Galvin KA, Oorschot DE (2003) Continuous low-dose treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or neurotrophin-3 protects striatal medium spiny neurons from mild neonatal hypoxia/ischemia: a stereological study. Neuroscience 118:1023–1032
Katoh A, Ishibashi C, Shiomi T, Takahara Y, Eigyo M (1992) Ischemia-induced irreversible deficit of memory function in gerbils. Brain Res 577: 57–63
Kunishio K, Matsumoto Y, Kawada S, Miyoshi Y, Matsuhisa T, Moriyama E, Norikane H, Tanaka R (1993) Neuropsychological outcome and social recovery of head-injured patients. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 33: 824–829
Malhotra SK, Shnitka TK, Elbrink J (1990) Reactive astrocytesa review. Cytobios 61: 133–160
Misson JP, Edwards MA, Yamamoto M, Caviness VS Jr (1988) Mitotic cycling of radial glial cells of the fetal murine cerebral wall: a combined autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study. Brain Res 466: 183–190
Nakamura T, Miyamoto O, Kawai N (1999) Therapeutic window of hypothermia after cold-induced injury in mice. In: Chiu, WT (ed) International conference on recent advances in neurotraumatology. Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy, pp 187–191
Nakamura T, Miyamoto O, Yamagami S, Toyoshima T, Negi T, Itano T, Nagao S (1999) The chronic cell death with DNA fragmentation after post-ischaemic hypothermia in the gerbil hippocampus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 141: 407–412; discussion 412–413
Nakamura T, Miyamoto O, Kawai N, Negi T, Itano T, Nagao S (2001) Long-term activation of the glutamatergic system associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors after postischemic hypothermia in gerbils. Neurosurgery 49: 706–713; discussion 713–714
Noctor SC, Flint AC, Weissman TA, Dammerman RS, Kriegstein AR (2001) Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex. Nature 409: 714–720
Rakic P (1972) Model of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex. J Comp Neurol 145: 61–83
Riess P, Zhang C, Saatman KE, Laurer HL, Longhi LG, Raghupathi R, Lenzlinger PM, Lifshitz J, Boockvar J, Neugebauer E, Snyder EY, McIntosh TK (2002) Transplanted neural stem cells survive, differentiate, and improve neurological motor function after experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery 51: 1043–1052; discussion 1052–1054
Suzuki M, Choi BH (1991) Repair and reconstruction of the cortical plate following closed cryogenic injury to the neonatal rat cerebrum. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 82: 93–101
Wei LC, Shi M, Chen LW, Cao R, Zhang P, Chan YS (2002) Nestin-containing cells express glial fibrillary acidic protein in the proliferative regions of central nervous system of postnatal developing and adult mice. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 139: 9–17
Yang HY, Lieska N, Kriho V, Wu CM, Pappas GD (1997) A subpopulation of reactive astrocytes at the immediate site of cerebral cortical injury. Exp Neurol 146: 199–205
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nakamura, T., Miyamoto, O., Yamashita, S., Keep, R.F., Itano, T., Nagao, S. (2006). Delayed precursor cell marker response in hippocampus following cold injury-induced brain edema. In: Hoff, J.T., Keep, R.F., Xi, G., Hua, Y. (eds) Brain Edema XIII. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, vol 96. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-30714-1_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-30714-1_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-30712-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-211-30714-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)