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Rehabilitation von Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems

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Kompendium der Physikalischen Medizin und Rehabilitation

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Zusammenfassung

Neurologische Erkrankungen sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie die Patienten oft das restliche Leben begleiten. Erkrankungen wie Schlaganfall, Multiple Sklerose und Morbus Parkinson verändern die Lebensumstände massiv und erfordern meistens jahrelang Therapie. Die Verläufe der einzelnen Erkrankungen sind sehr unterschiedlich und häufig durch Höhen und Tiefen gekennzeichnet. Noch vor einigen Jahrzehnten war die medizinische Lehrmeinung, daß neuronale Strukturen nicht der Regeneration und Adaption fähig sind. Neuere wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen bestätigen jedoch die Adaptionsmöglichkeiten des Nervensystems und rechtfertigen die Wichtigkeit der neurologischen Rehabilitation. Die Maßnahmen müssen sich jedoch auf der Ebene der Fähigkeitsstörung und der sozialen Beeinträchtigung bewähren. Die alleinige Betrachtung eines Einzelsymptoms reicht daher nicht aus. Dies erfordert die Zusammenarbeit eines multidisziplinären Teams, das sich vor allem aus Physiotherapeuten, Ergotherapeuten, Logopäden, Psychologen und Ärzten zusammensetzt. Oft sind Geduld und zähes Arbeiten aller Beteiligten gefragt, bis ein nennenswerter Therapieerfolg einsetzt und dieser im Alltag genutzt werden kann. Die Rehabilitation muß auf eine Verbesserung von Aktivität und Partizipation zielen, um die Rolle eines jeden Einzelnen in der Familie, Arbeitsplatz und übrigem sozialem Umfeld zu erhalten. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die Notwendigkeit der Unterstützung durch Angehörige. Auch für sie ändern sich die Lebensumstände durch die Erkrankung. Die Angehörigen sind oft in die therapeutischen Maßnahmen eingebunden und auch unmittelbar vom Therapiefortschritt betroffen.

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Authors
  1. Othmar Schuhfried
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  2. Silvia Brandstätter
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  1. Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wien, Univ.-Klinik für Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation, Wien

    Veronika Fialka-Moser

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Schuhfried, O., Brandstätter, S. (2005). Rehabilitation von Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems. In: Fialka-Moser, V. (eds) Kompendium der Physikalischen Medizin und Rehabilitation. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-28107-X_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-28107-X_21

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