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Origin and Development of Hair Cell Orientation in the Inner Ear

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Insights from Comparative Hearing Research

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 49))

Abstract

Inner ear sensory epithelia possess systematically aligned hair cell stereovillar bundles and are an advanced case of the phenomenon of planar cell polarity (PCP). Comparison of vestibular and auditory epithelia of different vertebrate species revealed that inner ear organs evolved a great diversity of hair cell orientation patterns. At the same time, there are conserved PCP features and stereotypical “basic PCP patterns.” The molecular network that induces and specifies PCP is incompletely understood.

PCP control acts on several levels and PCP development involves independently controlled and subsequent, but overlapping, events. Inner ear epithelia indicate that it is necessary to distinguish carefully between three different aspects of PCP control: (1) tissue-wide “global polarity” that establishes a main polarity vector relative to the organ axes, (2) generation of “basic hair cell orientation patterns” either unidirectional or bidirectional, and (3) “refinement of hair cell orientation” and coordinated regional alignment.

Comparative studies of PCP development of inner ears are especially important because they help to define the demands on a conclusive PCP concept. Macular organs, for instance, revealed that PCP events (1) and (2) must in fact be independently controlled, although the mechanisms remain unknown. Likewise the phenomenon of hair cell reorientation, as naturally occurring in the avian auditory epithelium, illustrates the complexity of coordinated hair cell alignment and may help to unravel further the molecular control of PCP events (2) and (3).

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  1. Cochlear and Auditory Brainstem Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany

    Ulrike J. Sienknecht

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  1. Ulrike J. Sienknecht
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  1. School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Christine Köppl

  2. School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Geoffrey A. Manley

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Sienknecht, U.J. (2013). Origin and Development of Hair Cell Orientation in the Inner Ear. In: Köppl, C., Manley, G., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Insights from Comparative Hearing Research. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 49. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/2506_2013_28

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