Abstract
Neurological disorders form a diverse group of entities including autoimmune, degenerative, vascular, traumatic, congenital, and oncological processes. Neurological symptoms arise when a specific neural network is affected. As such, a symptom (e.g., tremor) can result from multiple diseases (e.g., essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, trauma) and multiple symptoms (e.g., tremor, pain, seizures) can arise from a single event (e.g., traumatic brain injury). While most of the aforementioned processes cannot be reversed or cured, neurological symptoms can often be improved by interfering with the diseased neural network. This field is called functional neurosurgery and typically involves inactivation of a specific target via either controlled lesioning or surgical implantation of electrodes (e.g., deep brain stimulation (DBS), vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), spinal cord stimulation). Lesioning can be accomplished through multiple modalities including open surgery, radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF), laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), focused ultrasounds (FUS), or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This chapter reviews the results of SRS for the alleviation of tremor as well as three epileptic syndromes: mesial temporal epilepsy, hypothalamic hamartoma, and refractory generalized seizures. SRS for the treatment of pain is reviewed in a dedicated chapter.
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Iorio-Morin, C., Villeneuve, SA., Masson-Côté, L., Mathieu, D. (2023). Neurological Disorders. In: Roberge, D., Donaldson, S.S. (eds) Radiation Therapy of Benign Diseases. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2022_374
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