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Muscle Injuries

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Imaging of Orthopedic Sports Injuries

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Muscle damage is related to indirect/elongation mechanism, direct impact or dysfunction of the supporting connective tissue and is common in athletes. Muscle trauma can lead to changes that may be observed on US and MRI. MRI or US grading of muscle injury can be performed. In clinical practice the classic three-grade system of muscle trauma proved to be insufficient to predict recovery period and complication rate. Last decennium novel grading systems are developed taking into account new pathophysiological insights.

This chapter reviews the relevant imaging anatomy, ultrastructure and (patho)physiology of muscle as well as the radiological characteristics of normal and injured muscle as seen on ultrasound and MRI with emphasis on its clinical relevance introducing the novel grading systems.

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Abbreviations

BAC:

British Athletics Muscle Tear Classification System

CSA:

Cross-sectional area

CT:

Computed tomography

DOMS:

Delayed onset muscle soreness

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTJ:

Musculotendinous junction

MTU:

Musculotendinous unit

US:

Ultrasound

SI:

Signal intensity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Antwerp, University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium

    J. L. M. A. Gielen, P. Van Dyck, A. Van der Stappen & F. M. Vanhoenacker

  2. Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

    P. Robinson

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  1. J. L. M. A. Gielen
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  2. P. Robinson
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  3. P. Van Dyck
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  4. A. Van der Stappen
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  5. F. M. Vanhoenacker
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Correspondence to J. L. M. A. Gielen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

    Filip M. Vanhoenacker

  2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Mario Maas

  3. Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

    Jan L.M.A. Gielen

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Gielen, J.L.M.A., Robinson, P., Van Dyck, P., Van der Stappen, A., Vanhoenacker, F.M. (2021). Muscle Injuries. In: Vanhoenacker, F.M., Maas, M., Gielen, J.L. (eds) Imaging of Orthopedic Sports Injuries. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2020_247

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2020_247

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