Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Dysphagia pp 175–198Cite as

Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Dysphagia in Parkinson’s can result in impaired safety, aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration and consequently to a well-documented decline of quality of life (QOL) in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s (PwPD). The underlying neurodegenerative mechanisms in central and peripheral nervous system affect all phases of swallowing in PwPD, while marked heterogeneity has been observed in symptomatology of swallowing impairments within PwPD and atypical parkinsonian symptoms. Further research is needed to understand how early should we screen and assess for swallowing impairments and nutritional status in PwPD, which will in turn have an effect on the optimal therapeutic technique selection and management. This chapter discusses current knowledge on the neurophysiological underpinnings of swallowing impairments in PD, the health outcomes, the relationship of non-motor symptoms with dysphagia and the clinical assessment and management options, among other important issues in PD management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, White LR, Masaki KH, Tanner CM, Curb JD et al (2001) Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 57(3):456–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albin RL, Young AB, Penney JB (1989) The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci 12(10):366–375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander GE, Crutcher MD, DeLong MR (1990) Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, “prefrontal” and “limbic” functions. Prog Brain Res 85:119–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfonsi E, Versino M, Merlo IM, Pacchetti C, Martignoni E, Bertino G et al (2007) Electrophysiologic patterns of oral-pharyngeal swallowing in parkinsonian syndromes. Neurology 68(8):583–589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali GN, Wallace KL, Schwartz R, DeCarle DJ, Zagami AS, Cook IJ (1996) Mechanisms of oral-pharyngeal dysphagia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Gastroenterology 110(2):383–392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alty J, Robson J, Duggan-Carter P, Jamieson S (2016) What to do when people with Parkinson’s disease cannot take their usual oral medications. Pract Neurol 16(2):122–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Argolo N, Sampaio M, Pinho P, Melo A, Nobrega AC (2013) Do swallowing exercises improve swallowing dynamic and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease? NeuroRehabilitation 32(4):949–955

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Argolo N, Sampaio M, Pinho P, Melo A, Nobrega AC (2015a) Swallowing disorders in Parkinson’s disease: impact of lingual pumping. Int J Lang Commun Disord 50(5):659–664

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Argolo N, Sampaio M, Pinho P, Melo A, Nobrega AC (2015b) Videofluoroscopic predictors of penetration-aspiration in Parkinson’s disease patients. Dysphagia s:751–758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagheri H, Damase-Michel C, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Cismondo S, O'Connell D, Senard JM et al (1999) A study of salivary secretion in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 22(4):213–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baijens LW, Speyer R (2009) Effects of therapy for dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease: systematic review. Dysphagia 24(1):91–102

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baijens LW, Speyer R, Passos VL, Pilz W, Roodenburg N, Clave P (2011) Swallowing in Parkinson patients versus healthy controls: reliability of measurements in videofluoroscopy. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011:380682

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Baijens LW, Speyer R, Passos VL, Pilz W, Roodenburg N, Clave P (2012) The effect of surface electrical stimulation on swallowing in dysphagic Parkinson patients. Dysphagia 27(4):528–537

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Baijens LW, Speyer R, Passos VL, Pilz W, van der Kruis J, Haarmans S et al (2013) Surface electrical stimulation in dysphagic Parkinson patients: a randomized clinical trial. Laryngoscope 123(11):E38–E44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bakke M, Larsen SL, Lautrup C, Karlsborg M (2011) Orofacial function and oral health in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Oral Sci 119(1):27–32

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barbe AG, Bock N, Derman SH, Felsch M, Timmermann L, Noack MJ (2017) Self-assessment of oral health, dental health care and oral health-related quality of life among Parkinson’s disease patients. Gerodontology 34(1):135–143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barichella M, Cereda E, Madio C, Iorio L, Pusani C, Cancello R et al (2013) Nutritional risk and gastrointestinal dysautonomia symptoms in Parkinson’s disease outpatients hospitalised on a scheduled basis. Br J Nutr 110(2):347–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassotti G, Germani U, Pagliaricci S, Plesa A, Giulietti O, Mannarino E et al (1998) Esophageal manometric abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 13(1):28–31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belo LR, Gomes NA, Coriolano M, de Souza ES, Moura DA, Asano AG et al (2014) The relationship between limit of dysphagia and average volume per swallow in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 29(4):419–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benarroch EE (2013) Pedunculopontine nucleus: functional organization and clinical implications. Neurology 80(12):1148–1155

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benarroch EE, Schmeichel AM, Sandroni P, Low PA, Parisi JE (2006) Involvement of vagal autonomic nuclei in multiple system atrophy and Lewy body disease. Neurology 66(3):378–383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bine JE, Frank EM, McDade HL (1995) Dysphagia and dementia in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 10(3):160–164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blandini F, Nappi G, Tassorelli C, Martignoni E (2000) Functional changes of the basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 62(1):63–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloem BR, Kalf JG, van de Kerkhof PC, Zwarts MJ (2009) Debilitating consequences of drooling. J Neurol 256(8):1382–1383

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rub U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Braak E (2003) Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 24(2):197–211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Braak H, Ghebremedhin E, Rub U, Bratzke H, Del Tredici K (2004) Stages in the development of Parkinson’s disease-related pathology. Cell Tissue Res 318(1):121–134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Braak H, Bohl JR, Muller CM, Rub U, de Vos RA, Del Tredici K (2006) Stanley Fahn Lecture 2005: the staging procedure for the inclusion body pathology associated with sporadic Parkinson’s disease reconsidered. Mov Disord 21(12):2042–2051

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Bruin PF, de Bruin VM, Lees AJ, Pride NB (1993) Effects of treatment on airway dynamics and respiratory muscle strength in Parkinson’s disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 148(6 Pt 1):1576–1580

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bushmann M, Dobmeyer SM, Leeker L, Perlmutter JS (1989) Swallowing abnormalities and their response to treatment in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 39(10):1309–1314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne KG, Pfeiffer R, Quigley EM (1994) Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. A report of clinical experience at a single center. J Clin Gastroenterol 19(1):11–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carneiro D, das Gracas Wanderley de Sales Coriolano M, Belo LR, de Marcos Rabelo AR, Asano AG, Lins OG (2014) Quality of life related to swallowing in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 29(5):578–582

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castell JA, Johnston BT, Colcher A, Li Q, Gideon RM, Castell DO (2001) Manometric abnormalities of the oesophagus in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 13(4):361–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cereda E, Cilia R, Klersy C, Canesi M, Zecchinelli AL, Mariani CB et al (2014) Swallowing disturbances in Parkinson’s disease: a multivariate analysis of contributing factors. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20(12):1382–1387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cersosimo MG, Benarroch EE (2012) Pathological correlates of gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 46(3):559–564

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cersosimo MG, Raina GB, Calandra CR, Pellene A, Gutierrez C, Micheli FE et al (2011) Dry mouth: an overlooked autonomic symptom of Parkinson’s disease. J Parkinson’s Dis 1(2):169–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Chagas MH, Moriyama TS, Felicio AC, Sosa AL, Bressan RA, Ferri CP (2014) Depression increases in patients with Parkinson’s disease according to the increasing severity of the cognitive impairment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 72(6):426–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhuri KR, Martinez-Martin P, Schapira AH, Stocchi F, Sethi K, Odin P et al (2006) International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson's disease: the NMSQuest study. Mov Disord 21(7):916–923

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Zhang SM, Hernan MA, Willett WC, Ascherio A (2003) Weight loss in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 53(5):676–679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ciucci MR, Barkmeier-Kraemer JM, Sherman SJ (2008) Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation improves deglutition in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 23(5):676–683

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ciucci MR, Russell JA, Schaser AJ, Doll EJ, Vinney LM, Connor NP. Tongue force and timing deficits in a rat model of Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 2011;222(2):315–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciucci MR, Schaser AJ, Russell JA (2013) Exercise-induced rescue of tongue function without striatal dopamine sparing in a rat neurotoxin model of Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 252:239–245

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clifford T, Finnerty J (1995) The dental awareness and needs of a Parkinson’s disease population. Gerodontology 12(12):99–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conte A, Khan N, Defazio G, Rothwell JC, Berardelli A (2013) Pathophysiology of somatosensory abnormalities in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 9(12):687–697

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotzias GC, Van Woert MH, Schiffer LM (1967) Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism. N Engl J Med 276(7):374–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D'Amelio M, Ragonese P, Morgante L, Reggio A, Callari G, Salemi G et al (2006) Long-term survival of Parkinson’s disease: a population-based study. J Neurol 253(1):33–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Keyser J, Vincken W (1985) L-dopa-induced respiratory disturbance in Parkinson’s disease suppressed by tiapride. Neurology 35(2):235–237

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deane KH, Whurr R, Clarke CE, Playford ED, Ben-Shlomo Y (2001) Non-pharmacological therapies for dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD002816

    Google Scholar 

  • Del Tredici K, Braak H (2012) Lewy pathology and neurodegeneration in premotor Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 27(5):597–607

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Del Tredici K, Hawkes CH, Ghebremedhin E, Braak H (2010) Lewy pathology in the submandibular gland of individuals with incidental Lewy body disease and sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 119(6):703–713

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Derrey S, Chastan N, Maltete D, Verin E, Dechelotte P, Lefaucheur R et al (2015) Impact of deep brain stimulation on pharyngo-esophageal motility: a randomized cross-over study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 27(9):1214–1222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eadie MJ, Tyrer JH (1965) Alimentary disorder in parkinsonism. Australas Ann Med 14:13–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebihara S, Saito H, Kanda A, Nakajoh M, Takahashi H, Arai H et al (2003) Impaired efficacy of cough in patients with Parkinson disease. Chest 124(3):1009–1015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekberg O, Hamdy S, Woisard V, Wuttge-Hannig A, Ortega P (2002) Social and psychological burden of dysphagia: its impact on diagnosis and treatment. Dysphagia 17(2):139–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellerston JK, Heller AC, Houtz DR, Kendall KA (2016) Quantitative measures of swallowing deficits in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 125:385–392

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ertekin C, Tarlaci S, Aydogdu I, Kiylioglu N, Yuceyar N, Turman AB et al (2002) Electrophysiological evaluation of pharyngeal phase of swallowing in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 17(5):942–949

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Kieburtz K, Rudolph A, Lang A et al (2004) Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 351(24):2498–2508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez HH, Lapane KL (2002) Predictors of mortality among nursing home residents with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Med Sci Monit 8(4):CR241–CR246

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folgoas E, Lebouvier T, Leclair-Visonneau L, Cersosimo MG, Barthelaix A, Derkinderen P et al (2013) Diagnostic value of minor salivary glands biopsy for the detection of Lewy pathology. Neurosci Lett 551:62–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fontana GA, Pantaleo T, Lavorini F, Benvenuti F, Gangemi S (1998) Defective motor control of coughing in Parkinson’s disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158(2):458–464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuh JL, Lee RC, Wang SJ, Lin CH, Wang PN, Chiang JH et al (1997) Swallowing difficulty in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 99(2):106–112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner WN, Meah MS, Bass C (1986) Controlled study of respiratory responses during prolonged measurement in patients with chronic hyperventilation. Lancet 2(8511):826–830

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibberd FB, Gleeson JA, Gossage AA, Wilson RS (1974) Oesophageal dilatation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37(8):938–940

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glasmacher SA, Leigh PN, Saha RA (2017) Predictors of survival in progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 88(5):402–411

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross RD, Atwood CW Jr, Ross SB, Eichhorn KA, Olszewski JW, Doyle PJ (2008) The coordination of breathing and swallowing in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 23(2):136–145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Group PDMC, Gray R, Ives N, Rick C, Patel S, Gray A et al (2014) Long-term effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors compared with levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD MED): a large, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial. Lancet 384(9949):1196–1205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guggenmos DJ, Barbay S, Bethel-Brown C, Nudo RJ, Stanford JA (2009) Effects of tongue force training on orolingual motor cortical representation. Behav Brain Res 201(1):229–232

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer MJ, Murphy CA, Abrams TM (2013) Airway somatosensory deficits and dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. J Parkinson’s Dis 3(1):39–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Han M, Ohnishi H, Nonaka M, Yamauchi R, Hozuki T, Hayashi T et al (2011) Relationship between dysphagia and depressive states in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17(6):437–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hegland KW, Troche MS, Brandimore A, Okun MS, Davenport PW (2016) Comparison of two methods for inducing reflex cough in patients with Parkinson’s disease, with and without dysphagia. Dysphagia 31(1):66–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heijnen BJ, Speyer R, Baijens LW, Bogaardt HC (2012) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation versus traditional therapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and oropharyngeal dysphagia: effects on quality of life. Dysphagia 27(3):336–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hely MA, Morris JG, Reid WG, Trafficante R (2005) Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson’s disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years. Mov Disord 20(2):190–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG (2008) The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord 23(6):837–844

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higo R, Tayama N, Watanabe T, Nitou T, Ugawa Y (2003) Videofluoroscopic and manometric evaluation of swallowing function in patients with multiple system atrophy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112(7):630–636

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higo R, Nito T, Tayama N (2005) Swallowing function in patients with multiple-system atrophy with a clinical predominance of cerebellar symptoms (MSA-C). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 262(8):646–650

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirano M, Isono C, Sakamoto H, Ueno S, Kusunoki S, Nakamura Y (2015) Rotigotine transdermal patch improves swallowing in dysphagic patients with Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 30(4):452–456

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17(5):427–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Hooren MR, Baijens LW, Voskuilen S, Oosterloo M, Kremer B (2014) Treatment effects for dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20(8):800–807

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Hooren MR, Baijens LW, Vos R, Pilz W, Kuijpers LM, Kremer B et al (2015) Voice- and swallow-related quality of life in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Laryngoscope 126:408–414

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter PC, Crameri J, Austin S, Woodward MC, Hughes AJ (1997) Response of parkinsonian swallowing dysfunction to dopaminergic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 63(5):579–583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jankovic J (2005) Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease: clinical manifestations. Mov Disord 20(Suppl 11):S11–S16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jean A (2001) Brain stem control of swallowing: neuronal network and cellular mechanisms. Physiol Rev 81(2):929–969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston BT, Li Q, Castell JA, Castell DO (1995) Swallowing and esophageal function in Parkinson’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 90(10):1741–1746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CA, Ciucci MR (2016) Multimodal swallowing evaluation with high-resolution manometry reveals subtle swallowing changes in early and mid-stage Parkinson disease. J Parkinson Dis 6(1):197–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalf JG, Munneke M, van den Engel-Hoek L, de Swart BJ, Borm GF, Bloem BR et al (2011) Pathophysiology of diurnal drooling in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 26(9):1670–1676

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalf JG, de Swart BJ, Bloem BR, Munneke M (2012a) Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18(4):311–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalf JG, Bloem BR, Munneke M (2012b) Diurnal and nocturnal drooling in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 259(1):119–123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kashihara K (2006) Weight loss in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 253(Suppl 7):VII38–VII41

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashihara K, Hanaoka A, Imamura T (2011) Frequency and characteristics of taste impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease: results of a clinical interview. Intern Med 50(20):2311–2315

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi A, Baba T, Hasegawa T, Kobayashi M, Sugeno N, Konno M et al (2013) Hypometabolism in the supplementary and anterior cingulate cortices is related to dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional and 3-year longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open 3(3.) 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002249

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim YH, Oh BM, Jung IY, Lee JC, Lee GJ, Han TR (2015a) Spatiotemporal characteristics of swallowing in Parkinson's disease. Laryngoscope 125(2):389–395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JS, Youn J, Suh MK, Kim TE, Chin J, Park S et al (2015b) Cognitive and motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease associated with dysphagia. Can J Neurol Sci 42(6):395–400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwan LC, Whitehill TL (2011) Perception of speech by individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a review. Parkinson’s Dis 2011:389767

    Google Scholar 

  • Laciuga H, Rosenbek JC, Davenport PW, Sapienza CM (2014) Functional outcomes associated with expiratory muscle strength training: narrative review. J Rehabil Res Dev 51(4):535–546

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lang AE, Eberly S, Goetz CG, Stebbins G, Oakes D, Marek K et al (2013) Movement disorder society unified Parkinson disease rating scale experiences in daily living: longitudinal changes and correlation with other assessments. Mov Disord 28(14):1980–1986

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold NA (1996) A comment on quantitative assessment of oral and pharyngeal function in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 11(4):274–275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold NA, Kagel MC (1996) Prepharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 11(1):14–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold NA, Kagel MC (1997a) Laryngeal deglutition movement in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 48(2):373–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold NA, Kagel MC (1997b) Pharyngo-esophageal dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 12(1):11–18. discussion 9–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leow LP, Huckabee ML, Anderson T, Beckert L (2010) The impact of dysphagia on quality of life in ageing and Parkinson’s disease as measured by the swallowing quality of life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire. Dysphagia 25(3):216–220

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leow LP, Beckert L, Anderson T, Huckabee ML (2012) Changes in chemosensitivity and mechanosensitivity in aging and Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 27(1):106–114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim A, Leow L, Huckabee ML, Frampton C, Anderson T (2008) A pilot study of respiration and swallowing integration in Parkinson's disease: “on” and “off” levodopa. Dysphagia 23(1):76–81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim SY, Fox SH, Lang AE (2009) Overview of the extranigral aspects of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 66(2):167–172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin CW, Chang YC, Chen WS, Chang K, Chang HY, Wang TG (2012) Prolonged swallowing time in dysphagic parkinsonism patients with aspiration pneumonia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93(11):2080–2084

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Litvan I, Agid Y, Calne D, Campbell G, Dubois B, Duvoisin RC et al (1996a) Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome): report of the NINDS-SPSP international workshop. Neurology 47(1):1–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litvan I, Mangone CA, McKee A, Verny M, Parsa A, Jellinger K et al (1996b) Natural history of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) and clinical predictors of survival: a clinicopathological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60(6):615–620

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lo R, Tanner C (2013) Epidemiology. In: Pahwa R, Lyons K (eds) Handbook of Parkinson’s disease, 5th edn. Boca Raton, CRC Press, p 25

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo RY, Tanner CM, Albers KB, Leimpeter AD, Fross RD, Bernstein AL et al (2009) Clinical features in early Parkinson disease and survival. Arch Neurol 66(11):1353–1358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorefalt B, Ganowiak W, Palhagen S, Toss G, Unosson M, Granerus AK (2004) Factors of importance for weight loss in elderly patients with Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand 110(3):180–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maass A, Reichmann H (2013) Sleep and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 120(4):565–569

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manor Y, Giladi N, Cohen A, Fliss DM, Cohen JT (2007) Validation of a swallowing disturbance questionnaire for detecting dysphagia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 22(13):1917–1921

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manor Y, Balas M, Giladi N, Mootanah R, Cohen JT (2009) Anxiety, depression and swallowing disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15(6):453–456

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manor Y, Mootanah R, Freud D, Giladi N, Cohen JT (2013) Video-assisted swallowing therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19(2):207–211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markus HS, Tomkins AM, Stern GM (1993) Increased prevalence of undernutrition in Parkinson’s disease and its relationship to clinical disease parameters. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 5(2):117–125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Martin P, Schapira AH, Stocchi F, Sethi K, Odin P, MacPhee G et al (2007) Prevalence of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease in an international setting; study using nonmotor symptoms questionnaire in 545 patients. Mov Disord 22(11):1623–1629

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Ramirez D, Almeida L, Giugni JC, Ahmed B, Higuchi MA, Little CS et al (2015) Rate of aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized Parkinson’s disease patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Neurol 15:104

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McHorney CA, Bricker DE, Robbins J, Kramer AE, Rosenbek JC, Chignell KA (2000) The SWAL-QOL outcomes tool for oropharyngeal dysphagia in adults: II. Item reduction and preliminary scaling. Dysphagia 15(3):122–133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinlay A, Grace RC, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Anderson T, Fink J, Roger D (2008) A profile of neuropsychiatric problems and their relationship to quality of life for Parkinson’s disease patients without dementia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 14(1):37–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menezes C, Melo A (2009) Does levodopa improve swallowing dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease patients? J Clin Pharm Ther 34(6):673–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michou E, Hamdy S (2010) Dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease: a therapeutic challenge? Expert Rev Neurother 10(6):875–878

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michou E, Baijens L, Rofes L, Cartgena PS, Clavé P (2013) Oropharyngeal swallowing disorders in Parkinson’s disease: revisited. Int J Speech Lang Pathol Audiol 1(1):76–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Michou E, Hamdy S, Harris M, Vania A, Dick J, Kellett M et al (2014) Characterization of corticobulbar pharyngeal neurophysiology in dysphagic patients with Parkinson’s disease. s 12(12):2037–45.e1-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Montaurier C, Morio B, Bannier S, Derost P, Arnaud P, Brandolini-Bunlon M et al (2007) Mechanisms of body weight gain in patients with Parkinson’s disease after subthalamic stimulation. Brain 130(Pt 7):1808–1818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro L, Souza-Machado A, Pinho P, Sampaio M, Nobrega AC, Melo A (2014) Swallowing impairment and pulmonary dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: the silent threats. J Neurol Sci 339(1–2):149–152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreau C, Devos D, Baille G, Delval A, Tard C, Perez T et al (2016) Are upper-body axial symptoms a feature of early Parkinson’s disease? PloS one 11(9):e0162904

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson’s D (2003) The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): status and recommendations. Mov Disord 18(7):738–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mu L, Sobotka S, Chen J, Su H, Sanders I, Adler CH et al (2012) Altered pharyngeal muscles in Parkinson disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 71(6):520–530

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mu L, Sobotka S, Chen J, Su H, Sanders I, Adler CH et al (2013a) Alpha-synuclein pathology and axonal degeneration of the peripheral motor nerves innervating pharyngeal muscles in Parkinson disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 72(2):119–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mu L, Sobotka S, Chen J, Su H, Sanders I, Nyirenda T et al (2013b) Parkinson disease affects peripheral sensory nerves in the pharynx. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 72(7):614–623

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mu L, Chen J, Sobotka S, Nyirenda T, Benson B, Gupta F et al (2015) Alpha-synuclein pathology in sensory nerve terminals of the upper aerodigestive tract of Parkinson’s disease patients. Dysphagia 30(4):404–417

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Muller J, Wenning GK, Verny M, McKee A, Chaudhuri KR, Jellinger K et al (2001) Progression of dysarthria and dysphagia in postmortem-confirmed parkinsonian disorders. Arch Neurol 58(2):259–264

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami K, Hirano H, Watanabe Y, Edahiro A, Ohara Y, Yoshida H et al (2015) Relationship between swallowing function and the skeletal muscle mass of older adults requiring long-term care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 15(10):1185–1192

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagaya M, Kachi T, Yamada T, Igata A (1998) Videofluorographic study of swallowing in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 13(2):95–100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson H, Ekberg O, Olsson R, Hindfelt B (1996) Quantitative assessment of oral and pharyngeal function in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 11(2):144–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nobrega AC, Rodrigues B, Melo A (2008) Is silent aspiration a risk factor for respiratory infection in Parkinson’s disease patients? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 14(8):646–648

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nobrega AC, Rodrigues B, Melo A (2009) Does botulinum toxin injection in parotid glands interfere with the swallowing dynamics of Parkinson’s disease patients? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 111(5):430–432

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nolano M, Provitera V, Estraneo A, Selim MM, Caporaso G, Stancanelli A et al (2008) Sensory deficit in Parkinson’s disease: evidence of a cutaneous denervation. Brain J Neurol 131(Pt 7):1903–1911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan SS, Massey LA, Williams DR, Silveira-Moriyama L, Kempster PA, Holton JL et al (2008) Clinical outcomes of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Brain J Neurol 131(Pt 5):1362–1372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odekerken VJ, Boel JA, Schmand BA, de Haan RJ, Figee M, van den Munckhof P et al (2016) GPi vs STN deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: three-year follow-up. Neurology 86(8):755–761

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega O, Parra C, Zarcero S, Nart J, Sakwinska O, Clave P (2014) Oral health in older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Age Ageing 43(1):132–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ou R, Guo X, Wei Q, Cao B, Yang J, Song W et al (2015) Diurnal drooling in Chinese patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 353(1–2):74–78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozawa T, Paviour D, Quinn NP, Josephs KA, Sangha H, Kilford L et al (2004) The spectrum of pathological involvement of the striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems in multiple system atrophy: clinicopathological correlations. Brain 127(Pt 12):2657–2671

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park H, Lee JY, Shin CM, Kim JM, Kim TJ, Kim JW (2015) Characterization of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with parkinsonian syndromes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 21(5):455–460

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson J. An essay on the shaking palsy. Jones N, editor. London 1817

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira PAB, Aho VTE, Paulin L, Pekkonen E, Auvinen P, Scheperjans F (2017) Oral and nasal microbiota in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 38:61–67

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Lloret S, Negre-Pages L, Ojero-Senard A, Damier P, Destee A, Tison F et al (2012) Oro-buccal symptoms (dysphagia, dysarthria, and sialorrhea) in patients with Parkinson’s disease: preliminary analysis from the French COPARK cohort. Eur J Neurol 19(1):28–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrovitch H, Abbott RD, Ross GW, Nelson J, Masaki KH, Tanner CM et al (2009) Bowel movement frequency in late-life and substantia nigra neuron density at death. Mov Disord 24(3):371–376

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pitts T, Bolser D, Rosenbek J, Troche M, Okun MS, Sapienza C (2009) Impact of expiratory muscle strength training on voluntary cough and swallow function in Parkinson disease. Chest 135(5):1301–1308

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pitts T, Troche M, Mann G, Rosenbek J, Okun MS, Sapienza C (2010) Using voluntary cough to detect penetration and aspiration during oropharyngeal swallowing in patients with Parkinson disease. Chest 138(6):1426–1431

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitts T, Hegland KW, Sapienza CM, Bolser DC, Davenport PW (2016) Alterations in oropharyngeal sensory evoked potentials (PSEP) with Parkinson’s disease. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 229:11–16

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Plowman EK, Maling N, Thomas NJ, Fowler SC, Kleim JA (2014) Targeted motor rehabilitation dissociates corticobulbar versus corticospinal dysfunction in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 28(1):85–95

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plowman-Prine EK, Sapienza CM, Okun MS, Pollock SL, Jacobson C, Wu SS et al (2009) The relationship between quality of life and swallowing in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 24(9):1352–1358

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Proulx M, de Courval FP, Wiseman MA, Panisset M (2005) Salivary production in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 20(2):204–207

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajaei A, Ashtari F, Azargoon SA, Chitsaz A, Nilforoush MH, Taheri M et al (2015) The association between saliva control, silent saliva penetration, aspiration, and videofluoroscopic findings in Parkinson’s disease patients. Adv Biomed Res 4:108

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Regan J, Walshe M, Tobin WO (2010) Immediate effects of thermal-tactile stimulation on timing of swallow in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 25(3):207–215

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rice JE, Antic R, Thompson PD (2002) Disordered respiration as a levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 17(3):524–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinne UK, Larsen JP, Siden A, Worm-Petersen J (1998) Entacapone enhances the response to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations. Nomecomt Study Group. Neurology 51(5):1309–1314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins J, Gensler G, Hind J, Logemann JA, Lindblad AS, Brandt D et al (2008) Comparison of 2 interventions for liquid aspiration on pneumonia incidence: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 148(7):509–518

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues B, Nobrega AC, Sampaio M, Argolo N, Melo A (2011) Silent saliva aspiration in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 26(1):138–141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Moro E, Krack P (2012) Long-term outcomes of surgical therapies for Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 27(14):1718–1728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rofes L, Arreola V, Martin A, Clave P (2013) Natural capsaicinoids improve swallow response in older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Gut 62(9):1280–1287

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell JA, Ciucci MR, Hammer MJ, Connor NP (2013) Videofluorographic assessment of deglutitive behaviors in a rat model of aging and Parkinson disease. Dysphagia 28(1):95–104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampaio M, Argolo N, Melo A, Nobrega AC (2014) Wet voice as a sign of penetration/aspiration in Parkinson’s disease: does testing material matter? Dysphagia 29(5):610–615

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar P, Cole A, Scolding NJ, Rice CM (2017) Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion in neurodegenerative disease: a retrospective study and literature review. Clin Endosc 50(3):270–278

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawan T, Harris ML, Kobylecki C, Baijens L, van Hooren M, Michou E (2016) Lung function testing on and off dopaminergic medication in Parkinson’s disease patients with and without dysphagia. Mov Disord 3(2):146–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmeichel AM, Buchhalter LC, Low PA, Parisi JE, Boeve BW, Sandroni P et al (2008) Mesopontine cholinergic neuron involvement in Lewy body dementia and multiple system atrophy. Neurology 70(5):368–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheard JM, Ash S, Silburn PA, Kerr GK (2011) Prevalence of malnutrition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 69(9):520–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons JA, Fietzek UM, Waldmann A, Warnecke T, Schuster T, Ceballos-Baumann AO (2014) Development and validation of a new screening questionnaire for dysphagia in early stages of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20(9):992–998

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skelly R, Brown L, Fakis A, Kimber L, Downes C, Lindop F et al (2014) Does a specialist unit improve outcomes for hospitalized patients with Parkinson’s disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20(11):1242–1247

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Skodda S, Visser W, Schlegel U (2011) Gender-related patterns of dysprosody in Parkinson disease and correlation between speech variables and motor symptoms. Journal Voice 25(1):76–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • South AR, Somers SM, Jog MS (2010) Gum chewing improves swallow frequency and latency in Parkinson patients: a preliminary study. Neurology 74(15):1198–1202

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Jakes R, Goedert M (1997) Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature 388(6645):839–840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanova N, Bucke P, Duerr S, Wenning GK (2009) Multiple system atrophy: an update. Lancet Neurol 8(12):1172–1178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern MB, Marek KL, Friedman J, Hauser RA, LeWitt PA, Tarsy D et al (2004) Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of rasagiline as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord 19(8):916–923

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Storch A, Schneider CB, Wolz M, Sturwald Y, Nebe A, Odin P et al (2013) Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson disease: severity and correlation with motor complications. Neurology 80(9):800–809

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stroudley J, Walsh M (1991) Radiological assessment of dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease. Br J Radiol 64(766):890–893

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Su A, Gandhy R, Barlow C, Triadafilopoulos G (2017) Clinical and manometric characteristics of patients with Parkinson’s disease and esophageal symptoms. Dis Esophagus 30(4):1–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sung HY, Kim JS, Lee KS, Kim YI, Song IU, Chung SW et al (2010) The prevalence and patterns of pharyngoesophageal dysmotility in patients with early stage Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 25(14):2361–2368

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suntrup S, Teismann I, Bejer J, Suttrup I, Winkels M, Mehler D et al (2013) Evidence for adaptive cortical changes in swallowing in Parkinson's disease. Brain J Neurol 136(Pt 3):726–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takizawa C, Gemmell E, Kenworthy J, Speyer R (2016) A systematic review of the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, head injury, and pneumonia. Dysphagia 31(3):434–441

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tison F, Wiart L, Guatterie M, Fouillet N, Lozano V, Henry P et al (1996) Effects of central dopaminergic stimulation by apomorphine on swallowing disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 11(6):729–732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Troche MS, Okun MS, Rosenbek JC, Musson N, Fernandez HH, Rodriguez R et al (2010) Aspiration and swallowing in Parkinson disease and rehabilitation with EMST: a randomized trial. Neurology 75(21):1912–1919

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Troche MS, Huebner I, Rosenbek JC, Okun MS, Sapienza CM (2011) Respiratory-swallowing coordination and swallowing safety in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 26(3):218–224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troche MS, Brandimore AE, Foote KD, Okun MS (2013) Swallowing and deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19(9):783–788

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Troche MS, Brandimore AE, Okun MS, Davenport PW, Hegland KW (2014a) Decreased cough sensitivity and aspiration in Parkinson disease. Chest 146(5):1294–1299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troche MS, Rosenbek JC, Okun MS, Sapienza CM (2014b) Detraining outcomes with expiratory muscle strength training in Parkinson disease. J Rehabil Res Dev 51(2):305–310

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troche MS, Schumann B, Brandimore AE, Okun MS, Hegland KW (2016) Reflex cough and disease duration as predictors of swallowing dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 31(6):757–764

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Truong DD, Bhidayasiri R, Wolters E (2008) Management of non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson disease. J Neurol Sci 266(1–2):216–228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Twelves D, Perkins KS, Counsell C (2003) Systematic review of incidence studies of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 18(1):19–31

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Umemoto G, Tsuboi Y, Kitashima A, Furuya H, Kikuta T (2011) Impaired food transportation in Parkinson’s disease related to lingual bradykinesia. Dysphagia 26(3):250–255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Umemoto G, Furuya H, Tsuboi Y, Fujioka S, Arahata H, Sugahara M et al (2017) Dysphagia in multiple system atrophy of cerebellar and parkinsonian types. J Neurol Neurosci 8(1). doi:10.21767/2171-6625.1000165

  • Ungerstedt U (1968) 6-Hydroxy-dopamine induced degeneration of central monoamine neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 5(1):107–110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Lieshout PH, Steele CM, Lang AE (2011) Tongue control for swallowing in Parkinson’s disease: effects of age, rate, and stimulus consistency. Mov Disord 26(9):1725–1729

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verbaan D, Marinus J, Visser M, van Rooden SM, Stiggelbout AM, van Hilten JJ (2007) Patient-reported autonomic symptoms in Parkinson disease. Neurology 69(4):333–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakabayashi K, Takahashi H, Ohama E, Takeda S, Ikuta F (1993) Lewy bodies in the visceral autonomic nervous system in Parkinson’s disease. Adv Neurol 60:609–612

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker RW, Dunn JR, Gray WK (2011) Self-reported dysphagia and its correlates within a prevalent population of people with Parkinson’s disease. Dysphagia 26(1):92–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warnecke T, Oelenberg S, Teismann I, Hamacher C, Lohmann H, Ringelstein EB et al (2010) Endoscopic characteristics and levodopa responsiveness of swallowing function in progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord 25(9):1239–1245

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warnecke T, Suttrup I, Schroder JB, Osada N, Oelenberg S, Hamacher C et al (2016) Levodopa responsiveness of dysphagia in advanced Parkinson’s disease and reliability testing of the FEES-Levodopa-test. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 28:100–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wintzen AR, Badrising UA, Roos RA, Vielvoye J, Liauw L, Pauwels EK (1994) Dysphagia in ambulant patients with Parkinson’s disease: common, not dangerous. Can J Neurol Sci 21(1):53–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolters EC, Bosboom JL (2007) Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and related disorders. VU University Press, Amsterdam, pp 143–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood LD, Neumiller JJ, Setter SM, Dobbins EK (2010) Clinical review of treatment options for select nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 8(4):294–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zweig RM, Whitehouse PJ, Casanova MF, Walker LC, Jankel WR, Price DL (1987) Loss of pedunculopontine neurons in progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol 22(1):18–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zweig RM, Jankel WR, Hedreen JC, Mayeux R, Price DL (1989) The pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 26(1):41–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Greater Manchester, M6 8HD, UK

    Emilia Michou Ph.D., Cert.MRCSLT & Shaheen Hamdy Ph.D., F.R.C.P

  2. Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece, Patras, Greece

    Emilia Michou Ph.D., Cert.MRCSLT

  3. Department of Neurology, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK

    Christopher Kobylecki M.R.C.P., M.B.Ch.B., Ph.D.

  4. Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Christopher Kobylecki M.R.C.P., M.B.Ch.B., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Emilia Michou Ph.D., Cert.MRCSLT
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christopher Kobylecki M.R.C.P., M.B.Ch.B., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shaheen Hamdy Ph.D., F.R.C.P
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emilia Michou Ph.D., Cert.MRCSLT .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

    Olle Ekberg

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Michou, E., Kobylecki, C., Hamdy, S. (2017). Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Ekberg, O. (eds) Dysphagia. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_118

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_118

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68571-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68572-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation