Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mediastinal Disease

  • Chapter
MRI of the Lung

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

  • 911 Accesses

Abstract

Cystic masses are generally congenital and arise anywhere in the mediastinum, and MR imaging is useful to confirm their cystic nature, especially in those cysts with soft tissue attenuation at CT. In the thymus, chemical shift MR imaging can characterize the normal thymus and thymic hyperplasia by detecting tiny amounts of fat tissue within the thymus and differentiate such benign processes from thymic tumors. Malignant lymphoma is a disease relatively common in the mediastinum, and MR provides important information, especially in the assessment of viability of residual masses in treated lymphoma. In the diagnosis of neurogenic tumors, MR imaging can precisely evaluate shape, location, intraspinal extension, and internal components of these tumors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdel Razek AA, Khairy M, Nada N (2014) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in thymic epithelial tumors: correlation with World Health Organization classification and clinical staging. Radiology 273(1):268–275

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abramson SJ (1997) Adrenal neoplasms in children. Radiol Clin N Am 35:1415–1453

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Afifi HY, Bosl GI, Burt ME (1997) Mediastinal growing teratoma syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 64:359–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balcombe J, Torigian DA, Kim W, Miller WT Jr (2007) Cross-sectional imaging of paragangliomas of the aortic body and other thoracic branchiomeric paraganglia. Am J Roentgenol 188:1054–1058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron RL, Sagel SS, Baglan RJ (1981) Thymic cysts following radiation therapy for Hodgkin disease. Radiology 141:593–597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baron RL, Lee JK, Sagel SS, Peterson RR (1982) Computed tomography of the normal thymus. Radiology 142:121–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boothroyd AE, Hall-Graggs MA, Dicks-Mireaux C, Shaw DG (1992) The magnetic resonance appearances of the normal thymus in children. Clin Radiol 45:378–381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burk DL Jr, Brunberg JA, Kanal E, Brunberg JA, Latchaw RE, Wolf GL (1987) Spinal and paraspinal neurofibromatosis: surface coil MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology 162:797–801

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M (1971) Report of the committee on Hodgkin’s disease staging classification. Cancer Res 31:1860–1861

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castellino RA, Hilton S, O’Brien JP, Portlock CS (1996) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: contribution of chest CT in the initial staging evaluation. Radiology 199:129–132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaer R, Massad MG, Evans A, Snow NJ, Geha AS (2002) Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus. Ann Thorac Surg 74:1733–1740

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Weisbrod GL, Herman SJ (1988) Computed tomography and pathologic correlations of thymic lesions. J Thorac Imaging 3:61–65

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Marx A, Wen-Hu J (2002) New WHO histologic classification predicts prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 200 thymoma cases from china. Cancer 95:420–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choyke PL, Zeman RK, Gootenberg JE, Greenberg JN, Hoffer F, Frank JA (1987) Thymic atrophy and regrowth in response to chemotherapy: CT evaluation. Am J Roentgenol 149:269–272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark OH (1988) Mediastinal parathyroid tumors. Arch Surg 123:1096–1100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Couanet D, Geoffray A, Hartmann O, Leclere JG, Lumbroso JD (1988) Bone marrow metastases in children’s neuroblastoma studied by magnetic resonance imaging. Prog Clin Biol Res 271:547–555

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Geer G, Webb WR, Gamsu G (1986) Normal thymus: associated with MR and CT. Radiology 158:313–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dehner LP (1983) Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood. Hum Pathol 14:493–511

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Do YS, Im J-G, Lee BH, Kim KH, Oh YW, Chin SY, Zo JI, Jang JJ (1995) CT findings in malignant tumors of thymic epithelium. J Comput Assist Tomogr 19:192–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doppman JL, Nieman L, Miller DL, Pass HI, Chang R, Cutler GB, Schaaf M, Chrousos G, Norton JA, Ziessman HA, Oldfield EH, Loriaux DL (1989) Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome: localization studies in 28 patients. Radiology 172:115–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drevelegas A, Palladas P, Scordalaki A (2001) Mediastinal germ cell tumors: a radiologic-pathologic review. Eur Radiol 11:1925–1932

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erasmus JJ, McAdams HP, Donnelly LF, Spritzer CE (2000) MR imaging of mediastinal masses. MRI Clin North Am 8:59–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferolla P, Falchetti A, Filosso P, Tomassetti P, Tamburrano G, Avenia N, Daddi G, Puma F, Ribacchi R, Santeusanio F, Angeletti G, Brandi ML (2005) Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) in MEN 1 syndrome: the Italian series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2603–2609

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feung MY, Gasser B, Gangi A, Bogorin A, Charneau D, Wihlm FM, Dietemann FL, Catherine R (2002) Imaging of cystic masses of the mediastinum. RadioGraphics 22:s79–s93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis IR, Glazer GM, Bookstein FL, Gross BH (1985) The thymus: reexamination of age-related changes in size and shape. Am J Roentgenol 145:249–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujimoto K, Nishihara H, Abe T, Edamitsu O, Uchida M, Kumabe T, Ueda H, Sakoda J, Kojima K, Uozumi J, Oshibuchi M, Hayabuchi N (1992) MR imaging of thymoma –comparison with CT, operative, and pathological findings. Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 25:1128–1138

    Google Scholar 

  • Gal AA, Kornstein MJ, Cohen C, Duarte IG, Miller JI, Mansour KA (2001) Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus: a clinicopathological and prognostic study. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1179–1182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gefter WB, Spritzer CE, Eisenberg B, LiVolsi VA, Axel L, Velchik M, Alavi A, Schenck J, Kressel HY (1987) Thyroid imaging with high-field strength surface-coil MR. Radiology 164:483–490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glazer HS, Wick MR, Anderson DJ, Semenkovich JW, Molina PL, Siegel MJ, Sagel SS (1992) CT of fatty thoracic masses. Am J Roentgenol 159:1181–1187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein G, Mackey IR (1969) The human thymus. Warren H. Green, St Louis

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gualdi GF, Volpe A, Polettini E, D’Agostino A, Ceroni AM, Pirolli FM (1994) Role of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of space-occupying mediastinal pathology. Clin Ter 145:141–147

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gumustas S, Inan N, Sarisoy HT (2011) Malignant versus benign mediastinal lesions: quantitative assessment with diffusion weigh ted MR imaging. Eur Radiol 21(11):2255–2260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamrick-Turner JE, Saif MF, Powers CI, Blumenthal BI, Royal SA, Iyer RV (1994) Imaging of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma: assessment by histologic subtype. RadioGraphics 14:11–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hara M, Ohba S, Andoh K, Kitase M, Sasaki S, Nakayama J, Fukai I, Goodman PC (1999) A case of ganglioneuroma with fatty replacement: CT and MRI findings. Radiat Med 17:172–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann CA, Roth C, Minck C, Niedobitek G (1990) Thymic carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 116:69–82

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He Y, Zhang Z-Y, Zhu H-G, Guo W, Wang L-Z (2008) Infant ectopic cervical thymus in submandibular region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:186–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman OA, Gillespie DJ, Aughenbaugh GL, Brown LR (1993) Primary mediastinal neoplasms (other than thymoma). Mayo Clin Proc 68:880–891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang TW, Cheng YL, Tzao C, Chang H, Tsai WC, Lee SC (2007) Middle mediastinal thymoma. Respirology 12:934–936

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins CB, McNamara MT, Fisher MR, Clark OH (1986) MR imaging of the thyroid. Am J Roentgenol 147:1255–1261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichikawa T, Ohtomo K, Araki T, Fujimoto H, Nemoto K, Nanbu A, Onoue M, Aoki K (1996) Ganglioneuroma: computed tomography and magnetic resonance features. Br J Radiol 69:114–121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inaoka T, Takahashi K, Iwata K, Fajardo L, van Beek E, Sato Y, Yamada T, Nagasawa K, Shuke N, Aburano T (2005) Evaluation of normal fatty replacement of the thymus with chemical-shift MR imaging for identification of the normal thymus. J Magn Reson Imaging 22:341–346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inaoka T, Takahashi K, Mineta M, Yamada T, Shuke N, Okizaki A, Nagasawa K, Sugimori H, Aburano T (2007) Thymic hyperplasia and thymus gland tumors: differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging. Radiology 243:869–876

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue A, Tomiyama N, Fujimoto K, Sadohara J, Nakamichi I, Tomita Y, Aozasa K, Tsubamoto M, Murai S, Natsag J, Sumikawa H, Mihara N, Honda O, Hamada S, Johkoh T, Nakamura H (2006) MR imaging of thymic epithelial tumors: correlation with world health organization classification. Radiat Med 24:171–181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iyoda A, Hiroshima K, Yusa T, Toyozaki T, Fujisawa T, Ohwada H (2000) The primary mediastinal growing teratoma syndrome. Anticancer Res 20:3723–3728

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong YJ, Lee KS, Kim J, Shim YM, Han J, Kwon OJ (2004) Does CT of thymic epithelial tumors enable us to differentiate histologic subtypes and predict prognosis. Am J Roentgenol 183:283–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katlic MR, Wang C, Grillo HC (1985) Substernal goiter. Ann Thorac Surg 39:391–399

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khariwala SS, Nicollas R, Triglia JM, Garabedian EN, Marianowski R, Van Den Abbeele T, April M, Ward R, Koltai PJ (2004) Cervical presentations of thymic anomalies in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 68:909–914

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King D, Goodman J, Hawk T, Boles ET, Sayers MP (1975) Dumbbell neuroblastomas in children. Arch Surg 110:888–891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klemm KM, Moran CA (1999) Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thymus. Semin Diagn Pathol 16:32–41

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kondo K, Yoshizawa K, Tsuyuguchi M, Kimura S, Sumitomo M, Morita J et al (2004) WHO classification is a prognostic indicator in thymoma. Ann Thorac Surg 77:1183–1188

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlman JE, Fishman EK, Wang KP, Zerhouni EA, Siegelman SS (1988) Mediastinal cysts; diagnosis by CT and needle aspiration. Am J Roentgenol 150:75–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KS, Gilm J, Han CH et al (1989) Malignant primary germ cell tumors of the mediastinum: CT features. Am J Roentgenol 153:947–951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine GD, Rosai J (1978) Thymic hyperplasia and neoplasia: a review of current concepts. Hum Pathol 9:495–515

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis JE, Wick MR, Scheithauer BW, Bernatz PE, Taylor WF (1987) Thymoma: a clinicopathological review. Cancer 60:2727–2743

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linegar AG, Odell JA, Fennell WM, Close PM, De Groot MK, Casserly DR, Perold JI (1993) Massive thymic hyperplasia. Ann Thorac Surg 55:1197–1201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Kitajima M, Awai K, Nakayama Y, Tamura Y, Suda H, Asonuma K, Inomata Y, Yamashita Y (2006) Ectopic cervical thymus in an infant. Radiat Med 24:452–455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lonergan GJ, Schwab CM, Suarez ES, Carlson CL(2002) Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 22(4):911–934

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marom EA, Milito MA, Moran CA, Liu P, Correa AM, Kim ES, Komaki R, Erasmus JJ, Hofstetter WL, Rice DC, Swisher SG (2011) Computed tomography findings predicting invasiveness of thymoma. J Thorac Oncol 6:1274–1281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masaoka A, Monden Y, Nakahara K, Tanioka T (1981) Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. Cancer 48:2485–2492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila PS, Tarkkanen J, Mattila S (1999) Thoracic duct cyst: a case report and review of 29 cases. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 108:505–508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAdams HP, Kirejczyk WM, Posado-de-Christenson ML, Matsumoto S (2000) Bronchogenic cyst: imaging features with clinical and histopathologic correlation. Radiology 217:441–446

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moeller KH, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA (1997) Mediastinal mature teratoma: imaging features. Am J Roentgenol 169:985–990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mole TM, Glover J, Sheppard MN (1995) Sclerosing mediastinitis: a report on 18 cases. Thorax 50:280–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Molica PL, Siegel MJ, Glazer HS (1990) Thymic masses on MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 155:495–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molin PL, Siegel MJ, Glazer HS (1990) Thymic masses on MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 155:495–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Moran CA, Weissferdt A, Kalhor N, Solis LM, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Suster S (2012) A clinicopathological correlation of 250 cases with emphasis on the world health organization schema. Am J Clin Pathol 137:444–450

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murayama S, Murakami J, Watanabe H, Sakai S, Hinaga S, Soeda H, Nakata H, Masuda K (1995) Signal intensity characteristics of mediastinal cystic masses on T1-wieghted MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 19:188–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagasawa K, Takahashi K, Hayashi T, Aburano T (2004) Ectopic cervical thymus. Am J Roentgenol 182:262–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakasu Y, Minouchi K, Hatsuda N, Nakasu S, Handa J (1991) Thoracic meningocele in neurofibromatosis: CT and MR findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15:1062–1064

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Negendank WG, Al-Katib AM, Karanes C, Smith MR (1990) Lymphomas: MR imaging contrast characteristics with clinical-pathologic correlations. Radiology 177:209–216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaou S, Muller NL, Li DKB, Oger JJF (1996) Thymus in myasthenia gravis: comparison of CT and pathologic findings and clinical outcome after thymectomy. Radiology 200:471–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyman RS, Rehn SM, Glimelius BLG, Hagberg HE, Hemmingsson AL, Sundstrom CJ (1989) Residual mediastinal masses in Hodgkin disease: prediction of size with MR imaging. Radiology 170:435–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okumura M, Ohta M, Tateyama H, Nakagawa K, Matsumura A, Maeda H et al (2002) The world health organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma. A clinical study of 273 patients. Cancer 94:624–632

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson JL, Salyer WR (1978) Mediastinal paragangliomas (aortic body tumor): a report of four cases and a review of the literature. Cancer 41:2405–2412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen WL, Dillon WP, Kelly WM, Norman D, Brant-Zawadzki M, Newton TH (1987) MR imaging of paragangliomas. Am J Roentgenol 148:201–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Priola AM, Priola SM, Ciccone G, Evangelsta A, Cataldi A, Gned D, Ducco L, Moretti F, Brundu M, Veltri A (2015) Differentiation of rebound and lymphoid thynic hyperplasia from anterior mrdiastinal tumors with dual-echo chemical-shift imaging in adulthood. Radiology 274:238–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Picozzi VJ, Coleman CN (1990) Lymphoblastic lymphoma. Semin Oncol 17:96–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pirronti T, Rinaldi P, Batocchi AP, Evoli A, Di Schino C, Marano P (2002) Thymic lesions and myasthenia gravis. Diagnosis based on mediastinal imaging and pathological findings. Acta Radiol 43:380–384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pombo F, Rodriquez E, Caruncho MV (1994) CT attenuation values and enhancing characteristics of thoracoabdominal lymphomatous adenopathy. J Comput Assist Tomogr 18:59–64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmouni A, Divine M, Lepage E, Jazaerli N, Belhadj K, Gaulard P, Golli M, Reyes F, Vasile N (2001) Mediastinal lymphoma: quantitative changes in gadolinium enhancement at MR imaging after treatment. Radiology 219:621–628

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmouni A, Tempany C, Jones R, Mann R, Yang A, Zerhouni E (1993) Lymphoma: monitoring tumor size and signal intensity with MR imaging. Radiology 188:445–451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmouni AD, Zerhouni EA (eds) (1990) Role of MRI in the management of thoracic lymphoma. Churchill-Livingstone, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rholl KS, Levitt RG, Glazer HS (1985) Magnetic resonance imaging of fibrosing mediastinitis. Am J Roentgenol 145:255–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Pugatch RD, Moran CA, Galobardes J (1994) Thymolipoma: analysis of 27 cases. Radiology 193:121–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosai J, Sobin LH (1999) Histological typing of tumors of the thymus. In: International histological classification of tumors, 2nd edn. Springer, NewYork, pp. 5–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi SE, McAdams HP, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Franks TF, Galvin FR (2001) Fibrosing mediastinitis. RadioGraphics 21:737–757

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reed JC, Hallet KK, Feigin DS (1978) Neural tumors of the thorax: subject review from the AFIP. Radiology 126:9–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reed JC, Sobonya RE (1974) Morphologic analysis of foregut cysts in the thorax. Am J Roentgenol 120:851–860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribet ME, Cardot GR (1994) Neurogenic tumors of the thorax. Ann Thorac Surg 58:1091–1095

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribet ME, Copin MC, Gosselin BH (1995) Bronchogenic cysts of the mediastinum. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 109:1003–1010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribet ME, Copin MC, Gossclin BH (1996) Bronchogenic cysts of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg 61:1636–1640

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sadohara J, Fujimoto K, Muller NL, Kato S, Takamori S, Ohkuma K, Terasaki H, Hayabuchi N (2006) Thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of CT and MR imaging findings of low-risk thymomass, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas. Eur J Radiol 60:70–79

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai F, Sone S, Kiyono K, Kawai T, Maruyama A, Ueda H, Aoki J, Honda T, Morimoto M, Ishii K, Ikeda S (1991) MR imaging of thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Am J Roentgenol 158:751–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai F, Sone S, Kiyono K, Maruyama A, Ueda H, Aoki J, Kawai T, Ishii K, Morimoto M, Haniuda M, Koizumi T (1992) Intrathoracic neurogenic tumors: MR-pathologic correlation. Am J Roentgenol 159:279–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai S, Murayama H, Soeda H, Matsuo Y, Ono M, Masuda K (2002) Differential diagnosis between thymoma and non-thymoma by dynamic MR imaging. Acta Radiol 43:262–268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salo JA, Ala-Kulju K (1987) Congenital esophageal cysts in adults. Ann Thorac Surg 44:135–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaka K, Kurihara Y, Nakajima Y, Seto Y, Endo I, Ishikawa T, Takagi M (1998) Spontaneous rupture; a complication of benign mature teratomas of the mediastinum. Am J Roentgenol 170:323–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schowengerdt CG, Suyemoto R, Main FB (1969) Granulomatous and fibrous mediastinitis – a review and analysis of 180 cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 57:365–379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serra AD, Rafal RB, Markisz JA (1992) MRI characteristics of two cases of adrenal ganglioneuromas. Clin Imaging 16:37–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer K, Smith D, Kirn D, Kaplan W, Canellos G, Mauch P, Shulman LN (1996) Primary mediastinal large-B-cell lymphoma:radiologic findings at presentation. Am J Roentgenol 167:425–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahian DM, Rossai R (1988) Posterior mediastinal goiter. Chest 94:599–602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherrck AD, Brown LR, Harms GF, Myers JL (1994) Radiologic findings of fibrosing mediastinitis. Chest 106:484–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimosato Y, Mukai K (1997a) Epithelial tumors. In: Rosai J (ed) Tumors of the mediastinum, 3rd edn. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, pp. 40–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimosato Y, Mukai K (1997b) Germ cell tumors. In: Rosai J (ed) Tumors of the mediastinum, 3rd edn. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, pp. 183–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimosato Y, Mukai K (1997c) Malignant lymphoma. In: Rosai J (ed) Tumors of the mediastinum, 3rd edn. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, pp. 207–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirkhoda A, Chasen MH, Eftekhari F, Goldman AM, Decaro LF (1987) MR imaging of mediastinal thymolipoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 11:364–365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel MJ, Glazer HS, Wiener JI, Molina PL (1989) Normal and abnormal thymus in childhood: MR imaging. Radiology 172:367–371

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel MJ, Jamroz GA, Glazer HS, Abramson CL (1986) MR imaging of intraspinal extension of neuroblastoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:593–595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spizarny DL, Rebner M, Gross BH (1987) CT evaluation of enhancing mediastinal masses. J Comput Assist Tomogr 11:990–993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spritzer CE, Geffer WB, Hamilton R, Greenberg BM, Axel L, Kressel H (1987) Abnormal parathyroid glands: high-resolution MR imaging. Radiology 162:487–491

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • St-Georges R, Deslauriers J, Duranceau A, Vaillancourt R, Deschamps C, Beauchamp G, Page A, Brisson J (1991) Clinical spectrum of bronghogenic cysts of the mediastinum and lung in the adult. Ann Thorac Surg 52:6–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strollo DC, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Jett JR (1997) Primary mediastinal tumors: part II. Tumors of the middle and posterior mediastinum. Chest 112:1344–1357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strollo DC, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Jett JR (2002) Primary mediastinal malignant germ cell neoplasms: imaging features. Chest Surg Clin North Am 12:645–658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suster S, Rosai J (1991) Multilocular thymic cyst: an acquired reactive process. Am J Surg Pathol 15:388–398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Inaoka T, Kamishima T (1998) Mature teraoma of the mediastinum: relationship of inflammatory process around the tumor with clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings. Jpn J Clin Radiol 43:163–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Inaoka T, Murakami N, Hirota H, Iwata K, Nagasawa K, Yamada T, Mineta M, Aburano T (2003) Characterization of the normal and hyperplastic thymus on chemical-shift MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 180:1265–1269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Al-Janabi NJ (2010) Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinal tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 32(6):1325–1339

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda S, Miyoshi S, Minami M, Ohta M, Masaoka A, Matsuda H (2003) Clinical spectrum of mediastinal cysts. Chest 124:125–132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tan MH, Kirk G, Archibold P, Kennedy P, Regan MC (2002) Cardiac compromise due to a pancreatic mediastinal pseudocyst. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:1279–1282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A, Takeda R, Utsunomiya H, Kataoka M, Mukaihara S, Hayakawa K (2000) Severe complilcations of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst: report of esophagobronchial fistula and hemothorax. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg 7:86–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tateishi U, Muller NL, Johkoh T, Onishi Y, Arai Y, Satake M, Matuno Y, Tobinai K (2004) Primary mediastinal lymphoma: characteristic features of the various histological subtypes on CT. J Comput Assist Tomogr 28:782–789

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiffet O, Nicholson AG, Ladas G, Sheppard MN, Goldstraw P (2003) A clinicopathologic study of 12 neuroendocrine tumors arising in the thymus. Chest 124:141–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK, Harris CC (2004) WHO classification of tumors. Pathology and genetics of tumors of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. IARC Press, Lyon

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki K, Yoshino I, Oba T, Yohena T, Kameyama T, Tagawa T, Kawano D, Koso H, Maehara Y (2006) Ectopic pleural thymoma presenting as a giant mass in the thoracic cavity. Ann Thorac Surg 83:315–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yernault JC, Kuhn G, Dumortier P, Rocmans P, Ketelbant P, De Buyst P (1986) “Solid” mediastinal bronchogenic cyst: mineralogic analysis. Am J Roentgenol 146:73–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka N, Minami M, Inoue Y, Kawauchi N, Nakajima J, Oka T, Yoshioka K, Ohtomo K (2000) Pedunculated Bronchogenic cyst mimicking pleural lesion. J Comput Assist Tomogr 24:581–583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZF, Reddy GP, Gotway MB, Yeh BM, Hetts SW, Higgins CB (2003) CT and MR imaging of pericardial disease. RadioGraphics 23:s167–s180

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wychulis AR, Payne WS, Clagett OT, Woolner LB (1971) Surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors: a 40-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 62:379–392

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical College, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Japan

    K. Takahashi MD, PhD & T. Sasaki MD, PhD

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Asahikawa Medical College, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Japan

    K. Nakajima MD, PhD

Authors
  1. K. Takahashi MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Sasaki MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. Nakajima MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Hans-Ulrich Kauczor  & Mark Oliver Wielpütz  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Takahashi, K., Sasaki, T., Nakajima, K. (2016). Mediastinal Disease. In: Kauczor, HU., Wielpütz, M.O. (eds) MRI of the Lung. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2016_87

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2016_87

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42616-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42617-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation