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Techniques for Diffusion and Perfusion Assessment in Bone-Marrow MRI

  • Chapter
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Bone Marrow

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

In addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches of bone marrow such as T 1-weighted or short-tau inversion-recovery (STIR) MRI, newer techniques are available today allowing the visual and also quantitative assessment of several microstructural and physiological tissue parameters. The most important of these new techniques are MRI of hemodynamic parameters (“perfusion MRI”) and MRI of molecular water diffusion (“diffusion MRI”). Both techniques are aimed at tissue parameters beyond proton density, relaxation properties, or fat content. They allow the (absolute) quantification of properties such as the diffusion coefficient of water molecules in tissue or hemodynamic parameters including the blood volume and the blood flow. In this chapter, the physical and physiological basics of diffusion and perfusion MRI are introduced and discussed with respect to their application in bone-marrow MRI. Non-quantitative and quantitative approaches for the analysis of diffusion-weighted images and semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches for the analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI are discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    If normalized to the volume, the regional blood volume can also be given in % = mL/(100 mL) and the regional flow-related quantities in %/min = mL/(100 mL min).

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  1. Josef Lissner Laboratory for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Clinical Radiology-Großhadern, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Olaf Dietrich

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Correspondence to Olaf Dietrich .

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  1. , Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München (Großha, Marchioninistraße 15, München, 81377, Germany

    Andrea Baur-Melnyk

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Dietrich, O. (2013). Techniques for Diffusion and Perfusion Assessment in Bone-Marrow MRI. In: Baur-Melnyk, A. (eds) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Bone Marrow. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2012_549

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