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Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology book series (HEP, volume 262)

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a condition where bone resorption exceeds bone formation leading to degeneration. With an aging population, the prevalence of osteoporosis is on the rise. Although advances in the field have made progress in targeting the mechanisms of the disease, the efficacy of current treatments remains limited and is complicated by unexpected side effects. Therefore, to overcome this treatment gap, new approaches are needed to identify and elucidate the cellular mechanisms mediating the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, which requires a strong understanding of bone biology. This chapter will focus on bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes) and their role in the bone turnover process in normal physiology and in pathology. With regard to osteoclast function, the regulators and underpinning signaling pathways leading to bone resorption will be discussed. Decreased osteoblastogenesis also contributes to bone deterioration with aging and osteoporosis; hence the factors and signaling pathways mediating osteoblast formation and function will be examined. Osteocytes are mature osteoblasts embedded in bone matrix and act as endocrine cells; their role in bone health and pathology will also be reviewed. In addition, this chapter will explore the emerging role of adipocytes in bone biology and the implications of increased bone marrow fat infiltration with aging on bone degeneration. In conclusion, a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is of utmost importance in order to develop more effective treatments for osteoporosis and other bone diseases.

Keywords

Bone remodeling Marrow fat Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteocytes 
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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western HealthSt. AlbansAustralia
  2. 2.Department of MedicineMelbourne Medical School – Western Precinct, The University of MelbourneSt. AlbansAustralia

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