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Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology pp 301–326Cite as

The Microbiome and Its Potential for Pharmacology

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 260))

Abstract

The human microbiota (the microscopic organisms that inhabit us) and microbiome (their genes) hold considerable potential for improving pharmacological practice. Recent advances in multi-“omics” techniques have dramatically improved our understanding of the constituents of the microbiome and their functions. The implications of this research for human health, including microbiome links to obesity, drug metabolism, neurological diseases, cancer, and many other health conditions, have sparked considerable interest in exploiting the microbiome for targeted therapeutics. Links between microbial pathways and disease states further highlight a rich potential for companion diagnostics and precision medicine approaches. For example, the success of fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Clostridium difficile infection has already started to redefine standard of care with a microbiome-directed therapy. In this review we briefly discuss the nature of human microbial ecosystems and with pathologies and biological processes linked to the microbiome. We then review emerging computational metagenomic, metabolomic, and wet lab techniques researchers are using today to learn about the roles host-microbial interactions have with respect to pharmacological purposes and vice versa. Finally, we describe how drugs affect the microbiome, how the microbiome can impact drug response in different people, and the potential of the microbiome itself as a source of new therapeutics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Aries Chavira

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Pedro Belda-Ferre, Tomasz Kosciolek, Pieter C. Dorrestein & Rob Knight

  3. Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    Tomasz Kosciolek

  4. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Farhana Ali

  5. Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Pieter C. Dorrestein

  6. Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Pieter C. Dorrestein

  7. Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Pieter C. Dorrestein & Rob Knight

  8. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Rob Knight

  9. Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Rob Knight

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  1. Aries Chavira
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  2. Pedro Belda-Ferre
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  3. Tomasz Kosciolek
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  4. Farhana Ali
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  5. Pieter C. Dorrestein
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  6. Rob Knight
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rob Knight .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    James E. Barrett

  2. Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK

    Clive P. Page

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

    Martin C. Michel

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Chavira, A., Belda-Ferre, P., Kosciolek, T., Ali, F., Dorrestein, P.C., Knight, R. (2019). The Microbiome and Its Potential for Pharmacology. In: Barrett, J., Page, C., Michel, M. (eds) Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 260. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_317

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