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Delta Opioid Receptor Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications pp 277–299Cite as

Delta Opioid Receptor and Peptide: A Dynamic Therapy for Stroke and Other Neurological Disorders

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 247))

Abstract

Research of the opioid system and its composite receptors and ligands has revealed its promise as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and Parkinson’s Disease. In particular, delta opioid receptors (DORs) have been elucidated as a therapeutically distinguished subset of opioid receptors and a compelling target for novel intervention techniques. Research is progressively shedding light on the underlying mechanism of DORs and has revealed two mechanisms of DOR neuroprotection; DORs function to maintain ionic homeostasis and also to trigger endogenous neuroprotective pathways. Delta opioid agonists such as (D-Ala2, D-Leu5) enkephalin (DADLE) have been shown to promote neuronal survival and decrease apoptosis, resulting in a substantial amount of research for its application as a neurological therapeutic. Most notably, DADLE has demonstrated significant potential to reduce cell death following ischemic events. Current research is working to reveal the complex mechanisms of DADLE’s neuroprotective properties. Ultimately, our knowledge of the DOR receptors and agonists has made the opioid system a promising target for therapeutic intervention in many neurological disorders.

“M. Grant Liska” and “Marci G. Crowley” equally contributed to this manuscript.

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Abbreviations

DADLE:

(D-Ala 2, D-Leu 5) enkephalin

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

DOR:

Delta (δ) opioid receptor

HIT:

Hibernation induction trigger

KOR:

Kappa (κ) opioid receptor

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

METH:

Methamphetamine

MOR:

Mu (μ) opioid receptor

PKC:

Protein kinase c

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (1RO1NS071956-01A1) and the James and Easter King Biomedical Research Program (1KG01-33966).

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    1. Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

      M. Grant Liska, Marci G. Crowley, Trenton Lippert, Sydney Corey & Cesar V. Borlongan

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      Emily M. Jutkiewicz

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    Grant Liska, M., Crowley, M.G., Lippert, T., Corey, S., Borlongan, C.V. (2017). Delta Opioid Receptor and Peptide: A Dynamic Therapy for Stroke and Other Neurological Disorders. In: Jutkiewicz, E. (eds) Delta Opioid Receptor Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 247. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2017_7

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