Abstract
Within the past two decades, coregulators have emerged as essential chromatin components of metabolic signaling by nuclear receptors and additional metabolite-sensing transcription factors. Intriguingly, coregulators themselves are efficient sensors and effectors of metabolic stimuli that modulate gene expression at different levels, often via post-translational modifications of histones or other factors. There is already evidence that alterations of expression or function of coregulators contributes to metabolic disease by propagating disease-specific epigenomes linked to the dysregulation of transcription and downstream pathways. In this chapter we review the current progress made in understanding the role of coregulators in metabolic pathways, with a particular emphasis on their study in vivo and in the context of metabolic disease.
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Abbreviations
- aP2 (FABP4):
-
Fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte
- ABCA1:
-
ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A (ABC1), member 1
- ABCB11:
-
ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 11
- ABCG1:
-
ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 1
- AMPK:
-
AMP-activated kinase
- AP-1:
-
Activator protein 1
- APR:
-
Acute phase response
- ATGL:
-
Adipose triglyceride lipase
- BAT:
-
Brown adipose tissue
- cAMP:
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- C/EBPα:
-
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha
- CACT:
-
Solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase), member 20
- CARM1/PRMT4:
-
Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1
- CARTPT:
-
CART prepropeptide
- CBP/p300:
-
CREB binding protein
- CDK:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase
- CIDEA:
-
Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit-like effector A
- CLK2:
-
CDC-like kinase 2
- CREB:
-
cAMP responsive element binding protein
- CRTC:
-
CREB regulated transcription coactivator
- CYP27A1:
-
Cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- CYP3A11:
-
Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11
- CYP7A1:
-
Cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- CYP7B1:
-
Cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily b, polypeptide 1
- CYP8B1:
-
Cytochrome P450, family 8, subfamily b, polypeptide 1
- EHMT1:
-
Euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1
- ERK1/2:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- ERR:
-
Estrogen receptor-related receptor
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor
- FOXO1:
-
Forkhead box O1
- FXR:
-
NR subfamily 1, group H, member 4
- GABPα:
-
GA repeat binding protein, alpha
- GCN5/PCAF:
-
Lysine acetyltransferase 2A
- GLUT2:
-
Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter)
- GPS2:
-
G-protein pathway suppressor 2
- GYS1:
-
Glycogen synthase 1
- H3K18/27:
-
Histone H3 Lysine 18/27
- H3K9:
-
Histone H3 Lysine 9
- HDAC:
-
Histone deacetylase
- HFD:
-
High-fat diet
- HIF1α:
-
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit
- HMGCS2:
-
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2
- HNF4α:
-
Hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha
- HSL:
-
Lipase, hormone sensitive
- IGF:
-
Insulin-like growth factor
- IRS2:
-
Insulin receptor substrate 2
- JNK (MAPK8):
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
- KCNQ1:
-
Potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 1
- KDM4A/JMJD2:
-
Lysine-specific demethylase 4A
- LRH-1:
-
NR subfamily 5, group A, member 2
- LXR:
-
Liver X receptor
- MED1:
-
Mediator complex subunit 1
- MTP:
-
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- NCOR/NCOR1:
-
NR corepressor 1
- NRF-1:
-
Nuclear respiratory factor 1
- OTC:
-
Ornithine transcarbamylase
- p/CIP (NCOA3):
-
NR coactivator 3
- PDK1:
-
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1
- PGAM2:
-
Phosphoglycerate mutase 2
- PGC1:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1
- PI3K:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- POMC:
-
Proopiomelanocorticoid
- PPAR:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PRDM16:
-
PR domain containing 16
- PROX1:
-
Prospero homeobox 1
- PYGM:
-
Muscle glycogen phosphorylase
- RALBP1:
-
ralA binding protein 1
- RGS2:
-
Regulator of G-protein signaling 2
- RIP140/NRIP1:
-
NR interacting protein 1
- RNF8:
-
Ring finger protein 8
- RXR:
-
Retinoid X receptor
- SHP:
-
Small heterodimer partner
- SIRT:
-
Sirtuin
- SMRT/NCOR2:
-
Silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors/NR corepressor 2
- SRC1/NCOA1:
-
Steroid receptor coactivator 1/NR coactivator 1
- SREBP1:
-
Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1
- T2D:
-
Type 2 diabetes; T3, T4 = thyroid hormone 3, 4
- TBL1:
-
Transducin (beta)-like 1 X-linked
- TBLR1:
-
Transducin (beta)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1
- TCF7L2:
-
Transcription factor 7-like 2, T cell specific, HMG box
- THRAP3:
-
Thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3
- TIF2/NCOA2:
-
Transcription intermediary factor 2/NR coactivator 2
- TLE3:
-
Transducin-like enhancer of split 3
- TNFα:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- TR:
-
Thyroid receptor
- TRAF2:
-
TNF receptor-associated factor 2
- TZD:
-
Thiazolidinedione
- UBC13:
-
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N
- UCP:
-
Uncoupling protein (mitochondrial, proton carrier)
- WAT:
-
White adipose tissue
- WD:
-
Western diet
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Giudici, M., Goni, S., Fan, R., Treuter, E. (2015). Nuclear Receptor Coregulators in Metabolism and Disease. In: Herzig, S. (eds) Metabolic Control. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 233. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_5
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