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Seascape Genomics: Contextualizing Adaptive and Neutral Genomic Variation in the Ocean Environment

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Population Genomics: Marine Organisms

Part of the book series: Population Genomics ((POGE))

Abstract

Seventy-one per cent of the earth’s surface is covered by ocean which contains almost 80% of the world’s phyla – “seascape genomics” is the study of how spatial dependence and environmental features in the ocean influence the geographic structure of genomic patterns in marine organisms. The field extends from seascape genetics where the study of small numbers of neutral loci predominates, to additionally consider larger numbers of loci from throughout the genome that may be of some functional or adaptive significance and are subject to selection. Seascape genomics is conceptually similar to landscape genomics; the disciplines share theoretical underpinnings, and the genetic measures and analytical methods are often the same. However, the spatio-temporal variability of the physical ocean environment and the biological characteristics of marine organisms (e.g. large population sizes and high dispersal ability) present some characteristic challenges and opportunities for spatial population genomics studies. This chapter provides an overview of the field of seascape genomics, outlines concepts and methods to consider when conducting seascape genomics studies, and highlights future research avenues and opportunities for the application of seascape genomics to global issues affecting our marine environment.

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Acknowledgements

This chapter brings together ideas developed during several collaborative projects, workshops, and research activities with many colleagues and supported by several institutions. We acknowledge and appreciate the contributions of colleagues within the Diversity of the Indo-Pacific Network (DIPnet, www.diversityindopacific.net), Ira Moana Project (www.massey.ac.nz/iramoana), and C. Noble for editorial help. Our collaborations have been supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), DIPnet Research Coordination Network Grant (NSF: DEB 1457848), and a Royal Society Te Apārangi Catalyst Seeding Fund (17-MAU-309-CSG). L.L. was supported by a New Zealand Rutherford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

    Libby Liggins

  2. Auckland War Memorial Museum, Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, New Zealand

    Libby Liggins

  3. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, and Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Eric A. Treml

  4. School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Cynthia Riginos

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  1. Libby Liggins
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  2. Eric A. Treml
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  3. Cynthia Riginos
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Correspondence to Libby Liggins .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Marjorie F. Oleksiak

  2. Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada

    Om P. Rajora

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Liggins, L., Treml, E.A., Riginos, C. (2019). Seascape Genomics: Contextualizing Adaptive and Neutral Genomic Variation in the Ocean Environment. In: Oleksiak, M., Rajora, O. (eds) Population Genomics: Marine Organisms. Population Genomics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/13836_2019_68

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