Abstract
Aerospace and marine environments are two of the most challenging arenas for durable coatings. This introductory chapter for the Advances in Polymer Science volume “Contamination-Mitigating Polymeric Coatings for Extreme Environments” gives an overview of materials and test method advances pertaining to ice and insect mitigation for aerospace coatings and biofouling mitigation for marine coatings. Each of these topics is then discussed in greater detail by subject matter experts in the following chapters. A common challenge in these arenas is the cost, complexity, and limited availability of field measurements, necessitating the need for laboratory-scale testing and the setting of benchmarks. An example is provided showing the complexity of setting a benchmark for maximum ice adhesion strength to anti-contamination coatings allowing passive ice removal by wind or vibration. Modeling ice as a cantilever beam on a coating surface in a wind stream indicates that the benchmark value is dependent on the assumed shape of the ice that needs to be removed.
Douglas Berry performed this work after retirement from The Boeing Company.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Brassard J-D, Laforte C, Guerin F, Blackburn C (2017) Icephobicity: definition and measurement regarding atmospheric icing. Adv Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_36
FAA (2017) FAA holdover time guidelines winter 2017–2018
Vasilyeva A (2009) Aircraft deicing operations. Final project report for 1.231/16.781/ESD.224, Airport Systems Planning & Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, http://ardent.mit.edu/airports/ASP_exercises/2009%20reports/Aircraft%20Deicing%20Vasilyeva.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2017
Smith Jr JG, Robinson R, Loth E (2018) An overview of insect residue accretion and mitigation strategies on aerodynamic surfaces. Adv Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2018_44
Tang G, Yeong YH, Khudiakov M (2017) Ice release coatings of high durability for aerospace applications. Adv Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_39
Gross AF, Nowak AP, Sherman E, Ro C, Yang SS, Behroozi M, Rodriguez AR (2017) Insect abatement on lubricious, low adhesion polymer coatings measured with an insect impact testing system. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_35
Gruenke S (2017) Requirements, test strategies and evaluation of anti-contamination and easy-to-clean surfaces and new approaches for development. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_38
Rittschof D (2017) Candy and poisons: fouling management with pharmacophore coatings. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_34
Baier R, Ricotta M, Andolina V, Siraj F, Forsberg R, Meyer A (2017) Unique silicone-epoxy coatings for both fouling- and drag-resistance in abrasive environments. Adv Polm Sci https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_33
Shin D, Meredith JC (2017) Influence of topography on adhesion and bioadhesion. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_40
Erbil HY (2017) Use of liquid ad(ab)sorbing surfaces for anti-icing applications. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_41
Yeong YH, Sokhey J, Loth E (2017) Ice adhesion on Superhydrophobic coatings in an icing wind tunnel. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_32
Rehfeld N, Stake A, Stenzel V (2017) Development and testing of Icephobic materials: lessons learned from Fraunhofer IFAM. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_37
Zhao J, Song, L, Ming W (2017) Antifogging and frost-resisting polymeric surfaces. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_42
Wohl CJ, Palmieri FL, Connell JW (2017) The physics of insect impact and residue expansion.Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2018_45
Kok M, Tobin EF, Zikmund P, Raps D, Young TM (2017) Laboratory investigation into anti-contamination coatings for mitigating insect contamination with application to laminar flow technologies. Adv Polm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2017_31
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (2018) Title 14 chapter 1 subchapter C part 25 appendix C part I-atmospheric icing conditions (2018) https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=86b29698088452b8675ee7c9ee789759&mc=true&node=ap14.1.25_11801.c&rgn=div9. Accessed 7 Jan 2018
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (2018) Title 14 chapter 1 subchapter C part 25 appendix O – supercooled large drop icing conditions (2018). https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=aa82b4ebee20d2fa7b1587e7905fcb54&mc=true&node=ap14.1.25_11801.o&rgn=div9 Accessed 7 Jan 2018
Kreder MJ, Alvarenga J, Kim P, Aizenberg J (2016) Design of anti-icing surfaces: smooth, textured or slippery? Nat Rev Mater 1:15003
Susoff M, Siegmann K, Pfaffenroth C, Hirayama M (2013) Evaluation of icephobic coatings - screening of different coatings and influence of roughness. Appl Surf Sci 282:870–879
Beisswenger A, Guy F, Laforte C (2010) Advances in ice adherence and accumulation reduction testing at The Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory (AMIL). Future Deicing Technologies, Berlin. http://www.uqac.ca/amil/en/publications/presentations/2009-2011/icephobic%20SAE%202010.pdf. Accessed 23 Oct 2017
Dou R, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cui D, Song Y, Jiang L, Wang J (2014) Anti-icing coating with an aqueous lubricating layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014(6):6998–7003
Beisswenger, A, Laforte, C (2008) Advances in ice adherence and accumulation reduction testing at the Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory (AMIL). SAE G-12 fluids subcommittee meeting Warsaw, May 2008. http://www.uqac.ca/amil/en/publications/presentations/2007-2008/icephobic%202008-Ab-01%20warsaw.pdf. Accessed 23 Oct 2017
Laforte C, Blackburn C, Perron J (2015) A review of icephobic coating performances over the last decade. SAE technical paper 2015-01-2149, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2149
D&T Online (2017) Calculating forces in beams. http://wiki.dtonline.org/index.php/Calculating_Forces_in_Beams. Accessed 30 Oct 2017
Middle East Technical University (2017) ME 410 experiment 6: characteristics of an Airfoil, Fig. 2. http://www.me.metu.edu.tr/courses/me410/exp6/exp6.html. Accessed 31 Oct 2017
Scruton C, Rogers EWE (1971) II. Wind effects on buildings and other structures. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A 269:353–383
Chen J, Liu J, He M, Li K, Cui D, Zhang Q, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Song Y (2012) Superhydrophobic surfaces cannot reduce ice adhesion. Appl Phys Lett 101:111603
Boluk Y (1996) Adhesion of freezing precipitates to aircraft surfaces. Transports Canada publication TP 12860E, Transports Canada, Montreal
Cabler SJM (2006) Advisory circular: aircraft ice protection. FAA 20-73A. Accessed 16 Aug 2006
Uranga A, Drelay A, Greitzerz EM, Titchenerx NA, Lieu MK, Siu NM, Huangk AC, Gatlin GM, Hannonyy JA (2014) Preliminary experimental assessment of the boundary layer ingestion benefit for the D8 aircraft. In: Proceedings of 52nd AIAA aerospace sciences meeting, National Harbor, MD, 13–17 Jan 2014
Kok M, Tobin EF, Zikmund P, Raps D, Young TM (2014) Laboratory testing of insect contamination with application to laminar flow technologies, part I: variables affecting insect impact dynamics. Aerosp Sci Technol 39:605–613
Wohl CJ, Smith Jr JG, Penner RK, Lorenzi TM, Lovell CS, Siochi EJ (2013) Evaluation of commercially available materials to mitigate insect residue adhesion on wing leading edge surfaces. Prog Org Coat 76:42–50
Krishnan KG, Milionis A, Tetteh F, Loth E (2017) Fruit fly impact on an aerodynamic surface: types of outcomes and residue components. Aerosp Sci Technol 69:181–192
Microelectronics Heat Transfer Laboratory (1997) Fluid properties calculator. University of Waterloo, Waterloo. http://www.mhtl.uwaterloo.ca/old/onlinetools/airprop/airprop.html. Accessed 24 Oct 2017
Acknowledgments
Many of the contributions in this volume originate from presentations given at the 38th and 39th Annual Adhesion Society Meetings, held in 2015 and 2016 in Savannah, GA and San Antonio, TX, respectively, in sessions on Natural Phenomena: Antifouling in Marine and Aerospace Environment. The authors would like to acknowledge the encouragement of the Adhesion Society in publishing these contributions in Advances in Polymer Science.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Berry, D.H., Wohl, C.J. (2018). Aerospace and Marine Environments as Design Spaces for Contamination-Mitigating Polymeric Coatings. In: Wohl, C., Berry, D. (eds) Contamination Mitigating Polymeric Coatings for Extreme Environments. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 284. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2018_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2018_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-45838-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-45839-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)