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Hydrolysis and Biodegradation of Poly(lactic acid)

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Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 279))

Abstract

This chapter reviews hydrolytic degradation and biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Hydrolytic degradation, which induces morphological and compositional changes, is considered the most important step in biodegradation. The main factors influencing hydrolytic degradation (temperature, pH, sample morphology, and molecular weight) are considered and analyzed. An overview of biodegradation under composting conditions is also given. The chapter also analyses the possibilities of modulating degradation and biodegradation rates according to the expected lifetime of objects made of PLA. This can be considered frontier research in this field.

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Abbreviations

K BB :

Kinetic constant of the backbiting mechanism

K αD :

Kinetic constant of terminal hydrolysis

K βD :

Kinetic constant of backbone hydrolysis

K RH :

Kinetic constant of random hydrolysis

K W :

Kinetic constant of uncatalyzed hydrolysis

%C mat :

Percentage organic carbon content of the sample

C A :

Concentration of water

C A * :

Concentration of water in reference conditions

C A0 :

Initial concentration of water inside the sample

C C :

Concentration of carboxylic end groups

C E :

Concentration of ester groups

C E0 :

Initial concentration of ester groups

C H+ :

Concentration of positive ions

C n :

Concentration of chains having n monomeric units

C OH :

Concentration of negative ions

C ol :

Concentration of oligomers

D A :

Effective diffusivity of water inside the sample

D ol :

Effective diffusivity of the oligomers inside the sample

DP:

Average degree of polymerization

E C :

Constant in Arrhenius equation describing the effect of temperature on water sorption

E D :

Constant in Arrhenius equation describing the effect of temperature on water diffusivity

E R :

Constant in Arrhenius equation describing the effect of temperature on hydrolysis

gCO2 :

Grams of evolved carbon dioxide in the sample and the positive control

gCO2,b :

Grams of evolved carbon dioxide in the blank

g mat :

Mass of the sample in grams

j M :

Mass flux of the oligomers leaving the sample surface as a result of hydrolysis

K a :

Acid dissociation constant

K R :

Kinetic constant of hydrolysis from experimental data

K R :

Kinetic constant of hydrolysis

K t :

Kinetic constant of thermal degradation

M :

Molecular weight of the repeating unit

Ma:

Mass of amorphous phase inside the sample

Mc:

Mass of crystalline phase inside the sample

M n :

Number-average molecular weight

Mo:

Initial mass of the sample

Mt:

Total mass of the sample

M W :

Weight-average molecular weight

r m :

Mass of polymer metabolized by the microorganisms per unit time and per unit sample surface

R ol :

Number of oligomers produced per unit volume

R s :

Scissions of polymeric chains per unit volume

S :

Sample surface area

T g :

Glass transition temperature

T ref :

Reference temperature

Xc:

Absolute crystallinity degree

z :

Polydispersity

δ :

Characteristic dimension of the sample in the thickness direction

η :

Viscosity

ρ :

Density of the sample

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy

    Giuliana Gorrasi & Roberto Pantani

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  1. Giuliana Gorrasi
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  2. Roberto Pantani
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Correspondence to Roberto Pantani .

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  1. Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Institute of Polymers, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy

    Maria Laura Di Lorenzo

  2. Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/S., Germany

    René Androsch

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Gorrasi, G., Pantani, R. (2017). Hydrolysis and Biodegradation of Poly(lactic acid). In: Di Lorenzo, M., Androsch, R. (eds) Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Poly(lactic acid). Advances in Polymer Science, vol 279. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2016_12

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