Abstract
Microwave-assisted heating has been described as an efficient heating technique that can enhance the reaction rate for many reactions. Consequently, it is a key strategy for ring-opening polymerizations, which are often limited by low polymerization rates. This review summarizes recent efforts in the field of microwave-assisted polyester and polyamide syntheses from cyclic monomers and dimers, with a broad focus on poly(lactic acid)s and poly(ε-caprolactone)s. Homo- and copolymerizations as well as graft polymerizations are discussed. Both the polymerizations themselves as well as the preparation of composites/materials are addressed. Special attention is directed towards the discussion of non-thermal microwave effects.
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Abbreviations
- (d/l)-LA:
-
(d/l)-lactic acid
- CH:
-
Conventional heating
- CL:
-
ε-Caprolactone
- Đ M :
-
Molar mass dispersity
- DMF:
-
Dimethylformamide
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DO:
-
Dioxanone
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- GA:
-
Glycolic acid
- IR:
-
Infrared (spectroscopy)
- LCCC:
-
Liquid chromatography under critical conditions
- MALDI:
-
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
- M m :
-
Mass-average molecular weight
- M n :
-
Number-average molecular weight
- mPEG:
-
Methoxylated poly(ethylene glycol)
- M v :
-
Viscosity-average molecular weight
- MW:
-
Microwave
- NCA:
-
N-Carboxyanhydride
- P(d/l)LA:
-
Poly((d/l)-lactic acid)
- PAA:
-
Poly(acrylic acid)
- PCL:
-
Poly(ε-caprolactone)
- PDO:
-
Polydioxanone
- PEG:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol)
- PET:
-
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
- PGA:
-
Poly(glycolic acid)
- PHA:
-
Poly(hydroxy alkanoate)
- PLGA:
-
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid
- PSt:
-
Polystyrene
- PTMC:
-
Poly(trimethylene carbonate)
- PVA:
-
Poly(vinyl alcohol)
- ROP:
-
Ring-opening polymerization
- SBF:
-
Simulated body fluid
- SEC:
-
Size exclusion chromatography
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- stat :
-
Statistical
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- T g :
-
Glass-transition temperature
- TGA:
-
Thermogravimetric analysis
- THF:
-
Tetrahydrofuran
- T m :
-
Melting temperature
- TMC:
-
Trimethylene carbonate
- TOF:
-
Time of flight (spectroscopy)
- wt:
-
Weight
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- β-TCP:
-
β-Tricalcium phosphate
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Acknowledgement
The research work was performed within the K-Project “PolyComp” and at the Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria) within the framework of the COMET-program of the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Federal Ministry for Economy, Family and Youth, with contributions by the Graz University of Technology and Infineon Technologies Austria AG. Funding of the K-Project “PolyComp” is provided by the Austrian Government and the State Government of Styria; the PCCL is funded by the Austrian Government and the State Governments of Styria, Lower Austria, and Upper Austria.
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Fimberger, M., Wiesbrock, F. (2014). Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Polyesters and Polyamides by Ring-Opening Polymerization. In: Hoogenboom, R., Schubert, U., Wiesbrock, F. (eds) Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 274. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2014_293
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