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Polymer Composites – Polyolefin Fractionation – Polymeric Peptidomimetics – Collagens pp 77–140Cite as

Recent Advances in High-Temperature Fractionation of Polyolefins

Part of the Advances in Polymer Science book series (POLYMER,volume 251)

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of polyolefins continues to be one of the most important areas for academic and industrial research. One consequence of the development of new “tailor-made” polyolefins is the need for new and improved analytical techniques for the analysis of polyolefins with respect to molar mass, molecular topology and chemical composition distribution. This review presents different new and relevant techniques for polyolefin analysis. The analysis of copolymers by combining high-temperature SEC and FTIR spectroscopy yields information on chemical composition and molecular topology as a function of molar mass. Crystallization based fractionation techniques are powerful methods for the analysis of short-chain branching in LLDPE and the analysis of polyolefin blends. These methods include temperature-rising elution fractionation, crystallization analysis fractionation and the recently developed crystallization-elution fractionation.

The latest development in the field of polyolefin fractionation is high-temperature interaction chromatography. Based on the principles of gradient HPLC and liquid chromatography at critical conditions this method is used for fast analysis of the chemical composition distribution of complex olefin copolymers. The efficiency of HPLC based systems for the separation of various olefin copolymers will be discussed. The ultimate development in high-temperature fractionation of polyolefins is comprehensive high-temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography. The review will discuss some of the pioneering work that has been done since 2008.

Finally, the correlation between molar mass and chemical composition can be accessed by on-line coupling of high-temperature SEC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. It is shown that the on-line NMR analysis of chromatographic fractions from high-temperature fractionations is possible and yields information on microstructure and tacticity in addition to molar mass and copolymer composition.

Keywords

  • Crystallization analysis fractionation
  • Field Flow Fractionation
  • High performance liquid chromatography
  • Hyphenated techniques
  • Liquid chromatography
  • Polyolefin analysis
  • SEC-NMR coupling
  • Size exclusion chromatography
  • Temperature rising elution fractionation
  • Two-dimensional liquid chromatography

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Abbreviations

AFFFF, AF4:

Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation

A-TREF:

Analytical temperature rising elution fractionation

CCD:

Chemical composition distribution

CEF:

Crystallization elution fractionation

CRYSTAF:

Crystallization analysis fractionation

2D-LC:

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EGMBE:

Ethylene glycol monobutylether

ELSD:

Evaporative light scattering detector

EPDM:

Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer

EVA:

Ethylene-vinyl acetate

FFF:

Field flow fractionation

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

HDPE:

High density polyethylene

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

HT:

High temperature

IC:

Interactive chromatography

ICPP:

Impact polypropylene copolymer

IR:

Infrared

LAM:

Longitudinal acoustic mode

LCCC:

Liquid chromatography at critical conditions

LDPE:

Low-density polyethylene

LLDPE:

Linear low-density polyethylene

MALLS:

Multi angle laser light scattering

MALS:

Multi angle light scattering

MMA:

Methylmethacrylate

MT-AF4:

Medium temperature asymmetric flow field flow fractionation

M n :

Number average molar mass

M w :

Weight average molar mass

MM:

Molar mass

MMD:

Molar mass distribution

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

ODCB:

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

PBA:

Polybutylacrylate

PE:

Polyethylene

PMMA:

Polymethylmethacrylate

PP:

Polypropylene

PS-DVB:

Polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer

P-TREF:

Preparative temperature rising elution fractionation

PVAc:

Polyvinylacetate

RALLS:

Right angle laser light scattering

R g :

Radius of gyration

RI:

Refractive index

SEC:

Size exclusion chromatography

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SSA:

Successive self-nucleation annealing

SSF:

Successive solution fractionation

TCB:

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

TGA:

Thermo-gravimetric analysis

TGIC:

Temperature gradient interactive chromatography

TREF:

Temperature rising elution fractionation

UHM:

Ultra high molar mass

VA:

Vinyl acetate

VIS:

Viscosimetric detector

WAXD:

Wide angle X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, X1, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Harald Pasch

  2. H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Muhammad Imran Malik

  3. German Institute for Polymers, Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany

    Tibor Macko

Authors
  1. Harald Pasch
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  2. Muhammad Imran Malik
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  3. Tibor Macko
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Correspondence to Harald Pasch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hiyoshi-Honcho 6-27-12, Yokohama, 223-0062, Japan

    Akihiro Abe

  2. Ch. des Colombaires 10 A, Cully, 1096, Switzerland

    Hans-Henning Kausch

  3. DWI, Textile and Macromol. Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 8, Aachen, 52056, Germany

    Martin Möller

  4. Dept.of Chemistry, Univ. of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

    Harald Pasch

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Pasch, H., Malik, M.I., Macko, T. (2012). Recent Advances in High-Temperature Fractionation of Polyolefins. In: Abe, A., Kausch, HH., Möller, M., Pasch, H. (eds) Polymer Composites – Polyolefin Fractionation – Polymeric Peptidomimetics – Collagens. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 251. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2012_167

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