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Polysaccharides II pp 49–96Cite as

Nanocelluloses as Innovative Polymers in Research and Application

Part of the Advances in Polymer Science book series (POLYMER,volume 205)

Abstract

Cellulose is a fascinating and almost inexhaustible and sustainable natural polymeric raw material characterized by exciting properties such as hydrophilicity, chirality, biodegradability, broad chemical-modifying capacity, and the formation of different semicrystalline fiber morphologies. If cellulosics such as bacterial cellulose or strongly disintegrated wood cellulose are composed of nanosized fibers and the nanofiber structuring determines the product properties, these polymers are described as nanocelluloses. Because of the extraordinary supramolecular structure and exceptional product characteristics as high-molecular and high-crystalline cellulosics with a water content up to 99%, nanocelluloses require increasing attention. This review assembles the current knowledge in research, development, and application in the field of nanocelluloses through examples. The topics combine selected results on nanocelluloses from bacteria and wood as well as their use as technical membranes and composites with the first long-time study of cellulosics in the animal body for the development of medical devices such as artificial blood vessels, and the application of bacterial nanocellulose as animal wound dressings and cosmetic tissues.

  • Nanocelluloses
  • Membranes
  • Composites
  • Medical devices
  • Animal wound dressings

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Abbreviations

B:

BASYC®

BASYC® :

bacterial-synthesized cellulose

BC:

bacterial cellulose

ca:

carotid artery

CD-31:

cluster of differentiation – 31

CMC:

carboxymethyl cellulose

DN:

double network

DSM:

Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

ec:

endothelial cell

EDL:

musculus extensor digitorum longus

EtOH:

ethanol

fb:

fibroblast

fbb:

fibroblast branches

GlcNAc:

N-acetyl glucosamine

HS:

Hestrin–Schramm

l:

lumen

MC:

methyl cellulose

MFC:

micro-fibrilated cellulose

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

PET:

poly(ethylene terephthalate)

PTFE:

poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

UV:

ultraviolet

vr:

vitalized region

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Acknowledgments

The financial support of the work by the Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (priority programm 1011), and the Thuringian Ministry of Science, Research, and Culture as well as of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, the Thuringian Ministry of Technology and Labour and the European Union (LEONARDO programme) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank all co-workers, cooperation partners, and students that were involved in the results described.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Dieter Klemm, Friederike Kramer & Nadine Heßler

  2. Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie/Plastische Chirurgie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany

    Dieter Schumann & Silvia Marsch

  3. POLYMET Jena e.V., Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Dieter Klemm, Dieter Schumann & Silvia Marsch

  4. Forschungszentrum für Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie e.V., fzmb, Geranienweg 7, 99947, Bad Langensalza, Germany

    Michael Hornung & Hans-Peter Schmauder

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  1. Dieter Klemm
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    Klemm, D. et al. (2006). Nanocelluloses as Innovative Polymers in Research and Application. In: Klemm, D. (eds) Polysaccharides II. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 205. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/12_097

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