Abstract
We review here the photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy of the gas phase nucleic acid bases adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine, as well as the three base analogues 2-hydroxyisoquinoline, 2-pyridone, and δ-valerolactam in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral regime. The chapter focuses on experimental work performed with VUV synchrotron radiation and related ab initio quantum chemical calculations of higher excited states beyond the ionization energy. After a general part, where experimental and theoretical techniques are described in detail, key results are presented by order of growing complexity in the spectra of the molecules. Here we concentrate on (1) the accurate determination of ionization energies of isolated gas phase NABs and investigation of the vibrational structure of involved ionic states, including their mutual vibronic couplings, (2) the treatment of tautomerism after photoionization, in competition with other intramolecular processes, (3) the study of fragmentation of these molecular systems at low and high internal energies, and (4) the study of the evolution of the covalent character of hydrogen bonding upon substitution, i.e., examination of electronic effects (acceptor, donor, etc.).
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Abbreviations
- AE:
-
Appearance energy
- AIE:
-
Adiabatic ionization energy
- EI:
-
Electron impact ionization
- FEL:
-
Free electron laser
- IE:
-
Ionization energy
- NAB:
-
Nucleic acid base
- PE:
-
Photoelectron
- PES:
-
Photoelectron spectroscopy
- PI:
-
Photoion
- PIE:
-
Photoionization efficiency
- PIMS:
-
Photoionization mass spectrometry
- SPES:
-
Slow photoelectron spectrum
- SPI:
-
Single photon ionization
- SR:
-
Synchrotron radiation
- TOF:
-
Time-of-flight
- TPEPICO:
-
Threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence
- TPES:
-
Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy
- VIE:
-
Vertical ionization energy
- VUV:
-
Vacuum ultraviolet
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Acknowledgements
We thank Sydney Leach for continuing enthusiastic support and for a critical review of the manuscript prior to submission. We would like to thank G. Chambaud, A. Mahjoub, D. Hammoutène, C. Adamo, I. Ciofini, M. Ben Messaouda, M. Abderrabba, Y. Pan, and K.C. Lau for their work on the theoretical investigations of NABs and analogues. L. Poisson, F. Gaie-Levrel, G.A. Garcia, L. Nahon, D. Touboul, J.F. Gil, J.C. Poully, J.P. Schermann, N. Nieuwjaer, F. Lecomte, B. Manil, G. Grégoire, and C. Desfrançois are acknowledged for their work on the photoionization project at the SOLEIL synchrotron. M.S. wishes to thank M.C. Gazeau, Y. Bénilan, N. Fray, and N. Champion for their fervent participation in the photoionization projects led by us at SOLEIL and BESSY synchrotrons. We are indebted to the general technical staff of Synchrotron SOLEIL for running the facility. We would like to acknowledge financial support from the French National programs Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (PCMI; CNRS-INSU) and Environnements planétaires et origines de la Vie (EPOV, CNRS). M.H. would like to acknowledge financial support from DGRST-CNRS for the France-Tunisia exchange program.
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Schwell, M., Hochlaf, M. (2014). Photoionization Spectroscopy of Nucleobases and Analogues in the Gas Phase Using Synchrotron Radiation as Excitation Light Source. In: Barbatti, M., Borin, A., Ullrich, S. (eds) Photoinduced Phenomena in Nucleic Acids I. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 355. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2014_550
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