Abstract
Studies of inorganic semiconductors by solid-state NMR vary widely in terms of the nature of the samples investigated, the techniques employed to observe the NMR signal, and the types of information obtained. Compared with the NMR of diamagnetic non-semiconducting substances, important differences often result from the presence of electron or hole carriers that are the hallmark of semiconductors, and whose theoretical interpretation can be involved. This review aims to provide a broad perspective on the topic for the non-expert by providing: (1) a basic introduction to semiconductor physical concepts relevant to NMR, including common crystal structures and the various methods of making samples; (2) discussions of the NMR spin Hamiltonian, details of some of the NMR techniques and strategies used to make measurements and theoretically predict NMR parameters, and examples of how each of the terms in the Hamiltonian has provided useful information in bulk semiconductors; (3) a discussion of the additional considerations needed to interpret the NMR of nanoscale semiconductors, with selected examples. The area of semiconductor NMR is being revitalized by this interest in nanoscale semiconductors, the great improvements in NMR detection sensitivity and resolution that have occurred, and the current interest in optical pumping and spintronics-related studies. Promising directions for future research will be noted throughout.
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Abbreviations
- BOM:
-
Bond orbital model
- CB:
-
Conduction band
- CP:
-
Cross-polarization
- CSA:
-
Chemical shift anisotropy
- CT:
-
Central transition
- CVD:
-
Chemical vapor deposition
- DFT:
-
Density functional theory
- DMS:
-
Diluted magnetic semiconductors
- DNP:
-
Dynamic nuclear polarization
- DOS:
-
Density of states
- EFG:
-
Electric field gradient
- ENDOR:
-
Electron-nuclear double resonance
- EPR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- ESR:
-
Electron spin resonance
- FID:
-
Free induction decay
- FMR:
-
Ferromagnetic magnetic resonance
- HETCOR:
-
Heteronuclear correlation
- HVPE:
-
Hydride vapor-phase epitaxy
- LD:
-
Laser diode
- LED:
-
Light-emitting diode
- MAS:
-
Magic-angle spinning
- MAT:
-
Magic-angle turning
- MBE:
-
Molecular beam epitaxy
- MCDA:
-
Magnetic circular dichroism absorption
- MOCVD:
-
Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
- MQ:
-
Multiple-quantum
- MRFM:
-
Magnetic resonance force microscopy
- MSN:
-
Magic-sized nanocrystals
- NAR:
-
Nuclear acoustic resonance
- NC:
-
Nanocrystal
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- NNN:
-
Next nearest neighbors
- NQCC:
-
Nuclear quadrupole coupling constant
- NQR:
-
Nuclear quadrupole resonance
- NW:
-
Nanowires
- ODMR:
-
Optically-detected magnetic resonance
- OMVPE:
-
Organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy
- OPNMR:
-
Optically pumped NMR
- POWER:
-
Perturbations observed with enhanced resolution (NMR)
- QD:
-
Quantum dot
- QIP:
-
Quantum information processing
- SEDOR:
-
Spin-echo double resonance
- SI:
-
Semi-insulating
- ST:
-
Satellite transition
- TCO:
-
Transparent conducting oxides
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- TOPO:
-
Trioctylphosphine oxide
- VB:
-
Valence band
- WZ:
-
Wurtzite
- XRPD:
-
X-ray powder diffraction
- ZB:
-
Zincblende
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This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research.
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Yesinowski, J.P. (2011). Solid-State NMR of Inorganic Semiconductors. In: Chan, J. (eds) Solid State NMR. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 306. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_208
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