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Photochemical Internalization: A New Tool for Gene and Oligonucleotide Delivery

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Nucleic Acid Transfection

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 296))

Abstract

Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology for release of endocytosed macromolecules into the cytosol. The technology is based on the use of photosensitizers located in endocytic vesicles. Upon activation by light such photosensitizers induce a release of macromolecules from their compartmentalization in endocytic vesicles. PCI has been shown to increase the biological activity of a large variety of macromolecules and other molecules that do not readily penetrate the plasma membrane, including type I ribosome-inactivating proteins, immunotoxins, plasmids, adenovirus, various oligonucleotides, dendrimer-based delivery of chemotherapeutica and unconjugated chemotherapeutica such as bleomycin and doxorubicin. This review will present the basis for the PCI concept and the most recent significant developments.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    E.g., a 28-base RNA aptamer (Pegaptanib), a p53 expressing adenovirus (Gendicine, approved in China), a replication-selective adenovirus (H101, approved in China), a CD33-targeted immunoconjugate (Mylotarg), an HER2-targeted antibody (Herceptin), EGFR-targeted antibodies (Cetuximab and Panitumumab), anti-CD20 antibodies (Rituximab, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, and Tositumomab-I131), anti-VEGF antibody (Bevacizumab), anti-CD52 (Alemtuzumab), anti-TNFα antibody (Infliksimab), and recombinant IL-2 truncated diphtheria toxin fusion protein (Ontak), erythropoitin, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors.

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Acknowledgments

This study has been financially supported by the Norwegian Radium Hospital Research Foundation and the Norwegian Cancer Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway

    Kristian Berg, Maria Berstad, Lina Prasmickaite, Anette Weyergang, Pål K. Selbo & Ida Hedfors

  2. PCI Biotech AS, Hoffsvn. 48, 0375, Oslo, Norway

    Anders Høgset

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  1. Kristian Berg
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  2. Maria Berstad
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  3. Lina Prasmickaite
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Correspondence to Kristian Berg .

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  1. Cell Biology/RNAi, QIAGEN GmbH, Qiagen Str. 1, Hilden, 40724, Germany

    Wolfgang Bielke

  2. Cell Biology/RNAi, QIAGEN GmbH, Qiagen Str. 1, Hilden, 40724, Germany

    Christoph Erbacher

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Berg, K. et al. (2010). Photochemical Internalization: A New Tool for Gene and Oligonucleotide Delivery. In: Bielke, W., Erbacher, C. (eds) Nucleic Acid Transfection. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 296. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2010_63

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