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Reactive Nitrogen Species in Plant Metabolism

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Progress in Botany Vol. 84

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 84))

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Abstract

Reactive nitrogen species are a set of highly reactive molecules that derive from nitric oxide and oxidative metabolism, such as nitrogen dioxide, peroxynitrite, nitroxyl anion, nitrate, among others. The role of reactive nitrogen species in plants has become an area of much scientific interest in recent years. In particular, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite are the main reactive nitrogen species best known for their important interactions with different cellular metabolic processes related to seed germination, plant growth and development, root development, stomatal movements, interaction with phytohormones, reproduction, pollen tube development and fruit ripening. It is also relevant to highlight the important role of nitric oxide as a signalling molecule involved in alleviating toxic effects caused by various biotic and abiotic stresses via intense cellular metabolic reprogramming. Thus, nitric oxide is able to modulate oxidative, antioxidant and phytohormonal metabolisms, among others, as well as ion homeostasis, metal transport and transcriptional factors. With such a background, this chapter summarises recent advances in the metabolic pathways in generating reactive nitrogen species, their bioactivity to react with different cellular molecules, like proteins, nucleic acids and fatty acids, and finally, their role in plant metabolism under physiological and stress conditions.

Communicated by Francisco M. Cánovas

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Abbreviations

·OH:

Hydroxyl radical

8-NO2-G:

8-Nitrogunanine

8-Oxo-G:

8-Oxogunanine

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABI5:

ABA INSENSITIVE 5

ACC:

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

ACCO:

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase

ANN1:

Annexin 1

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

BH4:

Tetrahydrobiopterin

BR:

Brassinosteroids

CAM1:

Calmodulin 1

CAM4:

Calmodulin 4

CaMBPs:

Calmodulin-binding proteins

Cat:

Catalase

CBF:

C-repeat binding factors

CDP:

Cell death programme

cGMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CMC:

Critical micellar concentrations

CMLs:

Calmodulin-like proteins

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

CO3−:

Carbon trioxide anion

ET:

Ethylene

ETC:

Electron transport chain

EVOO:

Extra virgin olive oil

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FBA2:

Fructose bisphosphate aldolase-2

FMN:

Flavin mononucleotide

GA:

Gibberellins

GC:

Guanylate cyclase

GDC:

Glycine decarboxylase complex

Gly I:

Glyoxalase I

Gly II:

Glyoxalase II

GOX:

Glyoxylate oxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSNO:

Nitrosoglutathione

GSNOR:

Nitrosoglutathione reductase

GSSG:

Oxidised glutathione

H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide

H2S:

Hydrogen sulphide

HNO2:

Nitrous acid

HPR1:

Peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase

HR:

Hypersensitive response

HSF:

Heat shock factors

HSP:

Heat shock proteins

JA:

Jasmonic acid

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDH1:

Malate dehydrogenase-1

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

MG:

Methylglyoxal

MoCo:

Molybdenum cofactor

N2O3:

Dinitrogen trioxide

N2O4:

Dinitrogen tetroxide

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NH3:

Ammonia

NH4+:

Ammonium

NiR:

Nitrite reductase

NO:

Nitric oxide

NO−:

Nitroxyl anion

NO+:

Nitrosonium cation

NO2−:

Nitrite

NO2:

Nitrogen dioxide

NO2Cl:

Nitryl chloride

NO2-cLA:

Conjugated nitro-linoleic acid

NO2-FAs:

Nitrated fatty acids

NO2-LA:

Nitro-linoleic acid

NO2-Ln:

Nitro-linolenic acid

NO2-OA:

Nitro-oleic acid

NO3−:

Nitrate

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

NPR1:

Pathogenesis-related non-expressor gene 1

NR:

Nitrate reductase

O2−:

Superoxide

ONOO−:

Peroxynitrite

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PEPCK:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PLD:

Phospholipase D

PM-NiNOR:

Plasma membrane-bound nitrite reductase

PM-NR:

Plasma membrane-bound nitrate reductase

POD:

Peroxidase

PR-2:

β-1,3-glucanase

PR-3:

Chitinase

PRs:

Pathogenesis-related proteins

PRTM5:

Protein methyltransferase 5

Prx:

Peroxiredoxin

PRY1:

ABA receptors

PSII:

Photosystem II

PTMs:

Post-translational modifications

RBOHD:

Respiratory burst oxidase homologue D

R-NHOH:

Hydroxylamines

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA:

Salicylic acid

SABP3:

Salicylic acid-binding protein

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

SKP1:

S-phase-related kinase

SNO:

S-nitrosothiols

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SOS:

Salt overly sensitive

THF:

Pterin tetrahydrofolate

TIR1:

Transport inhibitory response 1

Trx:

Thioredoxin

Trx/TrxR:

Thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system

XOR:

Xanthine oxidoreductase

Y-NO2:

3-Nitrotyrosine

γ-ECS:

Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by ERDF grants cofinanced by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project PGC2018-096405-B-I00), the Junta de Andalucía (group BIO286), the I + D + I project within the framework Programme of FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 (Reference 1380901), the grants for I + D + I projects, on a competitive basis, within the scope of the Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (Junta de Andalucía, PAIDI 2020, Reference: PY20_01002), and the funding for the recruitment of researchers according to Actions 9 and 10 of the Research Support Plan of the University of Jaén (2019–2020, R.02/10/2020; 2020–2021, R.01/01/2022) and a grant for the Recalibration of the Spanish University System (Margarita Salas 2021–2023, R.01/01/2023).

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  1. Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Institute of Research in Olive Groves and Olive Oils, University Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

    Lorena Aranda-Caño, Raquel Valderrama, Mounira Chaki, Juan C. Begara-Morales & Juan B. Barroso

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  1. Lorena Aranda-Caño
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  2. Raquel Valderrama
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  3. Mounira Chaki
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  4. Juan C. Begara-Morales
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  5. Juan B. Barroso
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Correspondence to Juan B. Barroso .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Francisco M. Cánovas

  3. Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB) CSIC, Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    María-Carmen Risueño

  4. Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Christoph Leuschner

  5. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

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Aranda-Caño, L., Valderrama, R., Chaki, M., Begara-Morales, J.C., Barroso, J.B. (2023). Reactive Nitrogen Species in Plant Metabolism. In: Lüttge, U., Cánovas, F.M., Risueño, MC., Leuschner, C., Pretzsch, H. (eds) Progress in Botany Vol. 84. Progress in Botany, vol 84. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/124_2023_74

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