Abstract
Syntactic approaches on structural symbol recognition are characterized by defining symbols using a grammar. Following the grammar productions a parser is constructed to recognize symbols: given an input, the parser detects whether it belongs to the language generated by the grammar, recognizing the symbol, or not. In this paper, we describe a parsing methodology to recognize a set of symbols represented by an adjacency grammar. An adjacency grammar is a grammar that describes a symbol in terms of the primitives that form it and the relations among these primitives. These relations are called constraints, which are validated using a defined cost function. The cost function approximates the distortion degree associated to the constraint. When a symbol has been recognized the cost associated to the symbol is like a similarity value. The evaluation of the method has been realized from a qualitative point of view, asking some users to draw some sketches. From a quantitative point of view a benchmarking database of sketched symbols has been used.
This work has been partially supported by the spanish project CICYT TIC2003-09291 and catalan project CeRTAP PVPC.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Fahmy, H., Blonstein, D.: A graph grammar programming style for recognition of music notation. Machine Vision and Applications 6, 83–99 (1993)
Collin, S., Colnet, D.: Syntactic analysis of technical drawing dimensions. Int. Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 8(5), 1131–1148 (1994)
Bunke, H.: Attributed programmed graph grammars and their application to schematic diagram interpretation. IEEE Trans. on PAMI 4(6), 574–582 (1982)
Adam, S., Ogier, J., Cariou, C., Gardes, J., Mullot, R., Lecourtier, Y.: Combination of invariant pattern recognition primitives on technical documents. In: Chhabra, A.K., Dori, D. (eds.) GREC 1999. LNCS, vol. 1941, pp. 238–245. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Doermann, D., Rivlin, E., Weiss, I.: Applying algebraic and differential invariants for logo recognition. Machine Vision and Applications 9, 73–86 (1996)
Landay, J., Myers, B.: Sketching interfaces: Toward more human interface design. IEEE Computer 34(3), 56–64 (2001)
Jorge, J., Glinert, E.: Online parsing of visual languages using adjacency grammars. In: Proceedings of the 11th International IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, pp. 250–257 (1995)
Caetano, A., Goulart, N., Fonseca, M., Jorge, J.: Javasketchit: Issues in sketching the look of user interfaces. In: AAAI spring symposium on sketch understanding (2002)
Liu, W., Xiangyu, J., Zhengxing, S.: Sketch-based user interface for inputting graphic objects on small screen device. In: Blostein, D., Kwon, Y.-B. (eds.) GREC 2001. LNCS, vol. 2390, pp. 67–80. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Chok, S.S., Marriott, K.: Automatic construction of user interfaces from constraint multiset grammars. In: VL 1995: Proceedings of the 11th International IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 242–249. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (1995)
Costagliola, G., Deufemia, V.: Visual language editors based on lr parsing techniques. In: Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Parsing Technologies, pp. 79–80 (2003)
Sánchez, G., Valveny, E., Lladós, J., Mas, J., Lozano, N.: A platform to extract knowledge from graphic documents. application to an architectural sketch understanding scenario. In: Marinai, S., Dengel, A. (eds.) Document Analysis Systems VI, pp. 349–365. World Scientific, Singapore (2004)
Mas, J., Sanchez, G., Llados, J.: An adjacency grammar to recognize symbols and gestures in a digital pen framework. In: Proceedings of Second Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, pp. 115–122 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mas, J., Sanchez, G., Llados, J. (2006). An Incremental Parser to Recognize Diagram Symbols and Gestures Represented by Adjacency Grammars. In: Liu, W., Lladós, J. (eds) Graphics Recognition. Ten Years Review and Future Perspectives. GREC 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3926. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11767978_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11767978_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-34711-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-34712-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)