Skip to main content

The Optimal Profile-Guided Greedy Dynamic Voltage Scaling in Real-Time Applications

  • Conference paper
Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS 2005)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 3820))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Compiler-directed dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is an effective low-power technique in real-time applications, where compiler inserts voltage scaling points in a real-time application, and supply voltage and clock frequency are adjusted to the relationship between the remaining time and the remaining workload at each voltage scaling point. Greedy dynamic voltage scaling is one of the voltage adjustment schemes, where the slack time of current section is completely used to reduce the clock frequency of next section. In this paper we present the analytical model of the greedy scheme, and by simulations using the analytical model, we find out that the greedy scheme obstructs itself from effectively utilizing the slack times. So we propose a profile-guided greedy voltage adjustment scheme directed by the optimal real-time voltage scheduling in the most frequent execution case. We show by simulations that the new voltage adjustment scheme obtains the largest reduction of energy consumption of all the current representative schemes.

Supported by the National High Technology Development 863 Program of China under Grant No. 2004AA1Z2210 and Server OS Kernel under Grant No. 2002AA1Z2101.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. ITRS. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2003, edn. Can get, from http://public.itrs.net

  2. Lahiri, K.: Battery-Driven System Design: A New Frontier in Low Power Design.ASP-DAC/VLSI Design, January 07 - 11, Bangalore, India (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mudge, T.: Power: A First Class Design Constraint for Future Architectures. In: Prasanna, V.K., Vajapeyam, S., Valero, M. (eds.) HiPC 2000. LNCS, vol. 1970, pp. 215–224. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Burd, T., Pering, T., Stratakos, A., Brodersen, R.: A Dynamic Voltage Scaled Microprocess- or System. In: Proc. of IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 294–295 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Krishna, C.M., Lee, Y.-H.: Voltage-Clock-Scaling Adaptive Scheduling Techniques for Low Power in Hard Real-Time Systems. IEEE Transactions On Computers 52(12) (December 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mosse, D., Aydin, H., Childers, B.R., Melhem, R.: Compiler-Assisted Dynamic Power- Aware Scheduling for Real-Time Applications. In: Workshop on Compilers and Operating Systems for Low-Power (COLP 2000), Philadelphia, PA (October 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Shin, D., Lee, S., Kim, J.: Intra-Task Voltage Scheduling for Low- Energy Hard Real-Time Applications. In: IEEE Design & Test of Computers (March 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shin, D., Kim, J.: Look-ahead Intra-Task Voltage Scheduling Using Data Flow Information. In: Proc. ISOCC, pp. 148–151 (October 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. AbouGhazaleh, N., Mosse, D., Childers, B.R., Melhem, R., Craven, M.: Collaborative Operating System and Compiler Power Management for Real-Time Applications. In: Proc. of The Real-time Technology and Application Symposium, RTAS, Toronto, Canada (May 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gruian, F.: Hard Real-Time Scheduling for Low-Energy Using Stochastic Data and DVS Processors. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design ISLPED 2001, Huntington Beach, CA (August 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shin, D., Kim, J.: A Profile-Based Energy-Efficient Intra-Task Voltage Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time Applications. In: ISLPED 2001, Huntington Beach, California, USA, August 6-7 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lorch, J.R.: Operating Systems Techniques for Reducing Processor Energy Consumption [Ph.D. thesis]. University Of California, Berkeley (Fall 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  13. AbouGhazaleh, N., Mosse, D., Childers, B.R., Melhem, R.: Toward the placement of power management points in real-time applications. In: Compilers and operating systems for low power, MA, USA, pp. 37–52. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell (2003) ISBN: 1-4020-7573-1

    Google Scholar 

  14. Saputra, H., Kandemir, M., Vijaykrishnan, N., Irwin, M.J., Hu, J.S., Hsu, C.-H., Kremer, U.: Energy-Conscious Compilation Based on Voltage Scaling. In: ACM SIGPLAN Joint Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems and Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems (June 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Azevedo, A., Issenin, I., Cornea, R.: Profile-based Dynamic Voltage Scheduling Using Program Checkpoints. In: Proceeding of Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE) (March 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hsu, C.-H., Kremer, U.: The Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Compiler Algorithm for CPU Energy Reduction. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 conference on Programming language design and implementation, June 2003, pp. 38–48 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Puscher, P., Burns, A.: A Review of Worst-Case Execution-Time Analysis (Editorial), USA, September 24. Kluwer Academic Pubilishers, Dordrecht (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ishihara, T., Yasuura, H.: Voltage Scheduling Problem for Dynamically Variable Voltage Processors. In: Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, Monterey, California, United States, pp. 197–202. ACM Press, New York (1998) ISBN:1-58113-059-7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Yi, H., Yang, X., Chen, J. (2005). The Optimal Profile-Guided Greedy Dynamic Voltage Scaling in Real-Time Applications. In: Yang, L.T., Zhou, X., Zhao, W., Wu, Z., Zhu, Y., Lin, M. (eds) Embedded Software and Systems. ICESS 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3820. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11599555_67

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11599555_67

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30881-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32297-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics