Skip to main content

Censorship Resistance Revisited

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 3727))

Abstract

“Censorship resistant” systems attempt to prevent censors from imposing a particular distribution of content across a system. In this paper, we introduce a variation of censorship resistance (CR) that is resistant to selective filtering even by a censor who is able to inspect (but not alter) the internal contents and computations of each data server, excluding only the server’s private signature key. This models a service provided by operators who do not hide their identities from censors. Even with such a strong adversarial model, our definition states that CR is only achieved if the censor must disable the entire system to filter selected content. We show that existing censorship resistant systems fail to meet this definition; that Private Information Retrieval (PIR) is necessary, though not sufficient, to achieve our definition of CR; and that CR is achieved through a modification of PIR for which known implementations exist.

This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. 0208853 and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adar, E., Huberman, B.A.: Free Riding on Gnutella. First Monday, 5(10) (October 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, R.J.: The Eternity Service. Pragocrypt (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aspnes, J., Feigenbaum, J., Yampolskiy, A., Zhong, S.: Towards a Theory of Data Entanglement. In: Samarati, P., Ryan, P.Y.A., Gollmann, D., Molva, R. (eds.) ESORICS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3193, pp. 177–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Back, A.: The eternity service. Phrack Magazine 7, 51 (1997), http://www.cypherspace.org/~adam/eternity/phrack.html

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Benes, T.: The strong eternity service. In: Moskowitz, I.S. (ed.) IH 2001. LNCS, vol. 2137, p. 215. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Cachin, C., Micali, S., Stadler, M.: Computationally Private Information Retrieval with Polylogarithmic Communication. In: Stern, J. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1592, p. 402. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chaum, D.: Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms. Communications of the ACM 24(2), 84–88 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chor, B., Gilboa, N.: Computationally Private Information Retrieval. In: Symposium on Theory of Computing (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Clarke, I., Sandberg, O., Wiley, B., Hong, T.W.: Freenet: A distributed anonymous information storage and retrieval system. In: Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cooper, D.A., Birman, K.P.: Preserving Privacy in a Network of Mobile Computers. In: IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Danezis, G., Anderson, R.: The Economics of Censorship Resistance. In: Workshop on Economics and Information Security (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dingledine, R., Freedman, M.J., Molnar, D.: The Free Haven project: distributed anonymous storage service. In: Federrath, H. (ed.) Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies. LNCS, vol. 2009, p. 67. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Freedman, M.J., Morris, R.: Tarzan: A Peer-to-Peer Anonymizing Network. In: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Goldschlag, D., Reed, M., Syverson, P.: Onion Routing for Anonymous and Private Internet Connections. Communications of the ACM 42(2), 39–41 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Karger, D., Lehman, E., Leighton, T., Levine, M., Lewin, D., Panigraphy, R.: Consistent Hashing and Random Trees: Distributed Caching Protocols for Relieving Hot Spots. In: ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kushilevitz, E., Ostrovsky, R.: Replication Is Not Needed: Single Database, Computationally-Private Information Retrieval. In: IEEE 38th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Levine, B.N., Reiter, M.K., Wang, C., Wright, M.: Timing Attacks in Low-Latency Mix Systems. In: Juels, A. (ed.) FC 2004. LNCS, vol. 3110, pp. 251–265. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Mazieres, D., Kaashoek, M.F.: The Design and Operation of an E-mail Pseudonym Server. In: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Raymond, J.-F.: Traffic Analysis: Protocols, Attacks, Design Issues, and Open Problems. In: Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Reed, M.G., Syverson, P.F., GoldSchlag, D.M.: Proxies for anonymous routing. In: 12th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Reiter, M.K., Rubin, A.D.: Crowds: Anonymity for Web Transactions. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 1(1), 66–92 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Serjantov, A.: Anonymizing censorship resistant systems. In: Druschel, P., Kaashoek, M.F., Rowstron, A. (eds.) IPTPS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2429, p. 111. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Shamir, A.: How to share a secret. Communications of the ACM 22(11), 612–613 (1979)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Stubblefield, A., Wallach, D.S.: Dagster: Censorship-Resistant Publishing Without Replication. Technical Report TR01-380. Rice University (July 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Syverson, P., Tsudik, G., Reed, M., Landwehr, C.: Towards an Analysis of Onion Routing Security. In: Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gnutella, http://gnutella.wego.com

  27. Waldman, M., Mazieres, D.: Tangler: A Censorship Resistant Publishing System Based on Document Entanglement. In: ACM Conference on Computer and Communication Security (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Waldman, M., Rubin, A.D., Cranor, L.F.: Publius: A robust, tamper-evident, censorship-resistant web publishing system. In: USENIX Security Symposium (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Wright, M., Adler, M., Levine, B.N., Shields, C.: An Analysis of the Degradation of Anonymous Protocols. In: ISOC Network and Distributed Security Symposium (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Perng, G., Reiter, M.K., Wang, C. (2005). Censorship Resistance Revisited. In: Barni, M., Herrera-Joancomartí, J., Katzenbeisser, S., Pérez-González, F. (eds) Information Hiding. IH 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3727. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11558859_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11558859_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29039-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31481-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics