Abstract
Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that provide a vital link between the innate and adaptive immune system. Research into this family of cells has revealed that they perform the role of co-ordinating T-cell based immune responses, both reactive and for generating tolerance. We have derived an algorithm based on the functionality of these cells, and have used the signals and differentiation pathways to build a control mechanism for an artificial immune system. We present our algorithmic details in addition to some preliminary results, where the algorithm was applied for the purpose of anomaly detection. We hope that this algorithm will eventually become the key component within a large, distributed immune system, based on sound immunological concepts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aickelin, U., Bentley, P., Cayzer, S., Kim, J., McLeod, J.: Danger theory: The link between ais and ids. In: Timmis, J., Bentley, P.J., Hart, E. (eds.) ICARIS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2787, pp. 147–155. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Aickelin, U., Cayzer, S.: Danger theory and its applications to ais. In: Proc. of the Second Internation Conference on Artificial Immune Systems (ICARIS 2002), pp. 141–148 (2002)
Aickelin, U., Greensmith, J., Twycross, J.: Immune system approaches to intrusion detection - a review. In: Proc. of the Second Internation Conference on Artificial Immune Systems (ICARIS 2003), pp. 316–329 (2004)
Eskin, E., Miller, M., Zhong, Z., Yi, G., Lee, W., Stolfo, S.: Adaptive model generation for intrusion detection. In: Proceedings of the ACMCCS Workshop on Intrusion Detection and Prevention, Athens, Greece (2000)
Germain, R.N.: An innately interesting decade of research in immunology. Nature Medicine 10(12), 1307–1320 (2004)
Hofmeyr, S.: An immunological model of distributed detection and its application to computer security. PhD thesis, University of New Mexico (1999)
Janeway, C.A.: Approaching the asymptote? evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 1, 1–13 (1989)
Kim, J., Bentley, P.J.: Towards an artificial immune system for network intrusion detection: An investigation of clonal selection with a negative selection operator. In: Proceeding of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2001), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1244–1252 (2001)
Lutz, M.B., Schuler, G.: Immature, semi-mature and fully mature dendritic cells: which signals induce tolerance or immunity? Trends in Immunology 23(9), 991–1045 (2002)
Matzinger, P.: Tolerance, danger and the extended family. Annual Reviews in Immunology 12, 991–1045 (1994)
Matzinger, P.: An innate sense of danger. Seminars in Immunology 10, 399–415 (1998)
Matzinger, P.: The danger model: A renewed sense of self. Science 296, 301–304 (2002)
Medzhitov, R., Janeway, C.A.: Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science 296, 298–300 (2002)
Mosmann, T.R., Livingstone, A.M.: Dendritic cells: the immune information management experts. Nature Immunology 5(6), 564–566 (2004)
Blake, C.L., Hettich, S., Merz, C.J.: UCI repository of machine learning databases (1998)
Sarafijanović, S., Le Boudec, J.-Y.: An artificial immune system for misbehavior detection in mobile ad-hoc networks with virtual thymus, clustering, danger signal, and memory detectors. In: Nicosia, G., Cutello, V., Bentley, P.J., Timmis, J. (eds.) ICARIS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3239, pp. 342–356. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Smith, R.E., Forrest, S., Perelson, A.S.: Searching for diverse, cooperative populations with genetic algorithms. Evolutionary Computation 1(2), 127–149 (1993)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Greensmith, J., Aickelin, U., Cayzer, S. (2005). Introducing Dendritic Cells as a Novel Immune-Inspired Algorithm for Anomaly Detection. In: Jacob, C., Pilat, M.L., Bentley, P.J., Timmis, J.I. (eds) Artificial Immune Systems. ICARIS 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3627. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11536444_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11536444_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28175-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31875-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)