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Autocrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Signals That Can Alter Alveolar Macrophages Function

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Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology ((REVIEWS,volume 186))

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Abstract

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are extremely versatile cells with complex functions involved in health or diseases such as pneumonia, asthma, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. In recent years, it has been widely identified that the different functions and states of macrophages are the results from the complex interplay between microenvironmental signals and macrophage lineage. Diverse and complicated signals to which AMs respond are mentioned when they are described individually or in a particular state of AMs. In this review, the microenvironmental signals are divided into autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signals based on their secreting characteristics. This new perspective on classification provides a more comprehensive and systematic introduction to the complex signals around AMs and is helpful for understanding the roles of AMs affected by physiological environment. The existing possible treatments of AMs are also mentioned in it. The thorough understanding of AMs signals modulation may be contributed to the development of more effective therapies for AMs-related lung diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81973404) and Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2022-MS-224).

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that there are no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Conception and design: Yue Yang and Yun Wang; Writing – original draft: Yue Yang; Writing – review & editing: Yun Wang. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

    Yue Yang & Yun Wang

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  1. Yue Yang
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  1. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Stine Helene Falsig Pedersen

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Yang, Y., Wang, Y. (2022). Autocrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Signals That Can Alter Alveolar Macrophages Function. In: Pedersen, S.H.F. (eds) Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 186. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/112_2022_76

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