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Exporters for Production of Amino Acids and Other Small Molecules

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Book cover Amino Acid Fermentation

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 159))

Abstract

Microbes are talented catalysts to synthesize valuable small molecules in their cytosol. However, to make full use of their skills – and that of metabolic engineers – the export of intracellularly synthesized molecules to the culture medium has to be considered. This step is as essential as is each step for the synthesis of the favorite molecule of the metabolic engineer, but is frequently not taken into account. To export small molecules via the microbial cell envelope, a range of different types of carrier proteins is recognized to be involved, which are primary active carriers, secondary active carriers, or proteins increasing diffusion. Relevant export may require just one carrier as is the case with l-lysine export by Corynebacterium glutamicum or involve up to four carriers as known for l-cysteine excretion by Escherichia coli. Meanwhile carriers for a number of small molecules of biotechnological interest are recognized, like for production of peptides, nucleosides, diamines, organic acids, or biofuels. In addition to carriers involved in amino acid excretion, such carriers and their impact on product formation are described, as well as the relatedness of export carriers which may serve as a hint to identify further carriers required to improve product formation by engineering export.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany

    Lothar Eggeling

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  1. Lothar Eggeling
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Correspondence to Lothar Eggeling .

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  1. Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Atsushi Yokota

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan

    Masato Ikeda

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Eggeling, L. (2016). Exporters for Production of Amino Acids and Other Small Molecules. In: Yokota, A., Ikeda, M. (eds) Amino Acid Fermentation. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 159. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2016_32

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