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Potential for Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Basics and Clinical Application I

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 129))

Abstract

Adult human stem cells have gained progressive interest as a promising source of autologous cells to be used as therapeutic vehicles. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a great tool in regenerative medicine because of their ability to differentiate into a variety of specialized cells. Among adult tissues in which MSCs are resident, adipose tissue has shown clear advantages over other sources of MSCs (ease of surgical access, availability, and isolation), making adipose tissue the ideal large-scale source for research on clinical applications. Stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (adipose-derived stem cells = ADSCs) possess a great and unique regenerative potential: they are self-renewing and can differentiate along several mesenchymal tissue lineages (adipocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes), among which neuronal-like cells gained particular interest. In view of the promising clinical applications in tissue regeneration, research has been conducted towards the creation of a successful protocol for achieving cells with a well-defined neural phenotype from adipose tissue. The promising results obtained open new scenarios for innovative approaches for a cell-based treatment of neurological degenerative disorders.

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Abbreviations

ADSCs:

Adipose-derived stem cells

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

ATMPs:

Advanced therapy medicinal products

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BM:

Bone marrow

BMI:

Body mass index

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

CNS:

Central nervous system

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GFAP:

Glial fibrillar acidic protein

GMP:

Good manufacturing practice

HBSS:

Hank’s balanced salts solution

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

IF:

Intermediate filament

IGF:

Insulin growth factor

IHC:

Intracerebral hemorrhage

MAs:

Multicellular aggregates

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NT:

Neurotrophin

P:

Passage

PLA:

Processed lipoaspirate

PNS:

Peripheral nervous systems

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

rpm:

Revolution per minute

SCI:

Spinal cord injury

SCs:

Schwann cells

SVF:

Stromal-vascular fraction

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

UCB:

Umbilical cord blood

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy

    Letizia Ferroni, Chiara Gardin & Barbara Zavan

  2. Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, 35128, Padova, Italy

    Ilaria Tocco & Vincenzo Vindigni

  3. Bioscience Institute, Via Rovereta 42, 47891, Falciano, San Marino

    Roberta Epis & Giuseppe Mucci

  4. Private Practice of Plastic Surgery (Board-certified), Via Olimpia, 9, Venezia-Mestre, Italy

    Alessandro Casadei

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Correspondence to Barbara Zavan .

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  1. Abt. für Plastische und Handchirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neubergstr. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany

    Birgit Weyand

  2. Integrated Department of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena, Modena, Italy

    Massimo Dominici

  3. Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshi, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany

    Ralf Hass

  4. Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Roland Jacobs

  5. Department für Biotechnologie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, Wien, 1190, Austria

    Cornelia Kasper

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Ferroni, L. et al. (2012). Potential for Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In: Weyand, B., Dominici, M., Hass, R., Jacobs, R., Kasper, C. (eds) Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Basics and Clinical Application I. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 129. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2012_152

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