Abstract
One of the fundamentals of safety engineering is the need not merely to achieve safety, but to demonstrate its achievement in advance [Redmill and Anderson 2005]. There are now a significant number of standards and taxonomies to follow in order to create a demonstration medium for indicating the level of achieved safety, the residual risks and how both are to be managed through the life of the system.
However, it is most difficult to obtain easy to use advice and tools for being able to demonstrate completely that risks are as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). It is accepted that each project’s handling of ALARP has to be specific to the particular project risks involved, and so bespoke guidance is not the objective of this text. This paper seeks to introduce a simple tool, well utilised and accepted in another safety field, but developed from a specific use into having generic scope that will be of useful value to safety practitioners looking for dedicated ALARP advice. The tool is called the Accident Tetrahedron.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bibb (2005). The medical device risk management standard — an update. The Safety-Critical Systems Club Newsletter, Vol. 14 No. 3, May 2005.
GeneWatch (1999). Appendix 32 to the Minutes of Evidence II, Scientific Advisory System: Genetically Modified Foods. Select Committee on Science and Technology, House of Commons, May 1999.
Heinrich (1931). Heinrich HW, Peterson D & Roos N, Industrial Accident Prevention, 5th Edition, Mcgraw Hill, New York, 1980. ISBN 0-07028-061-4.
HSE (2001). Reducing Risks, Protecting People — HSE’s Decision Making Process. HMSO Norwich, 2001. ISBN 0-7176-2151-0.
HSE (2003). Policy and Guidance on Reducing Risks As Low As Reasonable Practicable in Design, The Health and Safety Executive, June 2003. (http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/theory/alarp3.htm)
HSE (2004). Guidance on ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) decisions in Control Of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH), The Health and Safety Executive, 2004. (http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/circular/perm12.htm)
Maguire (2005). Introduction to Safety, SE Validation, 2005. ISBN 0-95501-070-5.
MoD (2002). An Introduction to System Safety Management and Assurance, LSSO, MoD, 2002. (http://www.ams.mod.uk/ams/content/docs/syssafinn/intro.pdf)
MoD (2004). Safety Management Requirements for Defence Systems Part 1, Interim Defence Standard 00:56 Issue 3, MoD, December 2004.
Ontario (1999). Ontario’s Basic Certification Training Program — Participants Manual, Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Board, 1999.
Reason (1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents, Ashgate, 1997. ISBN 1-84014-105-0.
Redmill & Anderson (2005). Preface to Constituents of Modern System-Safety Thinking, Proceedings of the 13th Safety-Critical Systems Symposium, February 2005, Springer-Verlag, London. ISBN 1-85233-952-7.
Rossi & Ettala (1996). Recovery Analysis in Risk Management of Hazardous Materials, Water Science and Technology Vol 33 No 2, IWA Publishing, 1996.
Schmitt (1985). Pyrophoric Materials Handbook: Flammable Metals and Materials, C.R. Schmitt, Editied by J. Schmitt, Saber-Towson. 1996 (http://saber.towson.edu/~schmitt/pyro/)
Sutton (2004). Notes for Guidance, The Fire Safety Advice Centre, Merseyside Fire Liaison Panel, 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this paper
Cite this paper
Maguire, R. (2006). So how do you make a full ALARP justification? Introducing the Accident Tetrahedron as a guide for Approaching Completeness.. In: Redmill, F., Anderson, T. (eds) Developments in Risk-based Approaches to Safety. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-447-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-447-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-333-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-447-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)