Skip to main content

Clinical and Instrumental Assessment of Pressure Ulcers

  • Chapter
Science and Practice of Pressure Ulcer Management

Conclusion

Wound assessment represents an essential step in wound management. The techniques involved play an important role in correct diagnosis and proper treatment of chronic, invalidating lesions such as pressure ulcers. However, what is required is a uniform, standardized, and well-established approach to wound assessment, so that non-invasive measurements may be used to identify a management strategy, determine proper standards of treatment, and appropriately reassess progress to healing together with specific modifications of intervention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. National Consensus Conference. Washington, DC: NPUAP: 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ovington LG. Dealing with drainage: the what, why and how of wound exudate. Home Healthcare Nurse 2002; 20:368–374.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Van Rijswijk L. Wound assessment and documentation. In: Krasner DL, Rodeheaver GT, Sibbald RG (eds) Chronic wound care: a clinical source book for healthcare professionals, 3rd edn. Wayne, PA: HMP Communications; 2001: 101–115.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Flanagan M. A practical framework for wound assessment 2: methods. Br J Nurs 1997; 6:6–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Harris B, Eaglstein WH, Falanga V. Basal cell carcinoma arising in venous ulcers and mimicking granulation tissue. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1993; 19:150–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bates-Jensen BM. Indices to include in wound healing assessment. Adv Wound Care 1995; 8(4):28.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Tammelin A, Lindholm C, Hambraeus A. Chronic ulcers and antibiotic treatment. J Wound Care 1998; 7(9):435–437.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cooper R, Lawrence J. The isolation and identification of bacteria from wounds. J Wound Care 1996; 5(7):335–340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Haalboom JR. Pressure ulcers (Letter). Lancet 1998; 352(9127):581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. EPUAP. Guidelines on the treatment of pressure ulcers. EPUAP Review 1999; 2:31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dow G, Browne A, Sibbald RG. Infection in chronic wounds: controversies in diagnosis and treatment. Ostomy/Wound Manage 1999; 45(8):23–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Darouiche RO, Landon GC, Klima M, et al. Osteomyelitis associated with pressure sores. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154:753–758.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Krasner D. Wound measurements: some tools of the trade. Am J Nurs 1992; 92:89–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Thawer HA, Houghton PE, Woodbury G, et al. A comparison of computer-assisted and manual wound size measurement. Ostomy Wound Manage 2002; 48:46–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Anthony D, Barnes E. Measuring pressure sores accurately. Nurs Times 1984; 80:33–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Frantz RA, Johnson DA. Stereophotography and computerized image analysis: a threedimensional method of measuring wound healing. Wounds 1992; 4:58–64.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Thomas AC, Wysocki AB. The healing wound: a comparison of three clinically useful methods of measurement. Decubitus 1990; 3:18–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Williams C. The Verge Videometer wound measurement package. Br J Nurs 2000; 9:237–239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lucas C, Classen J, Harrison D, De Haan RJ. Pressure ulcer surface area measurement using instant full-scale photography and transparency tracings. Adv Skin Wound Care 2002; 15:17–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Resch CS, Kerner E, Robson MC, et al. Pressure sore volume measurement: a technique to document and record wound healing. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36:444–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Berg W, Traneroth C, Gunnarsson A, Lossing C. A method for measuring pressure sores. Lancet 1990; 335:1445–1446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen F, Brown GM, Song M. Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods. Optical Engineering 39(10):2000.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bernardini F, Rushmeier HE. The 3D model acquisition pipeline. Computer Graphics Forum 2002; 21:149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Romanelli M, Gaggio G, Collugia M, et al. Technological advances in wound bed measurements. Wounds 2002; 14:58–66.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Whiston RJ, Melhuish J, Harding KG. High resolution ultrasound imaging in wound healing. Wounds 1993; 5:116.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Katz SM, Frank DH, Leopold GR, Wachtel TL. Objective measurement of hypertrophic burn scar. A preliminary study of tonometry and ultrasonography. Ann Plast Surg 1985; 14:121–127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Van Den Kerckhove E, Staes F, Flour M, et al. Reproducibility of repeated measurements on postburn scars with Dermascan C. Skin Res Technol 2003; 9:81–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Dyson M, Moodley S, Verjee L, et al. Wound healing assessment using 20MHz ultrasound and photography. Skin Res Technol 2003; 9:116–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nilsson GE, Tenland T, Oberg PA. Evaluation of a laser Doppler flowmeter for measurement of tissue blood flow, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1980; 27:597.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Timar-Banu O, Beauregard H, Tousignant J, et al. Development of noninvasive and quantitative methodologies for the assessment of chronic ulcers and scars in humans. Wound Repair Regen 2001; 9:123–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wardell K, Jakobsson A, Nilsson GE. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging by dynamic light scattering, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1993; 40:309.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gschwandtner ME, Ambrozy E, Schneider B, et al. Laser Doppler imaging and capillary microscopy in ischemic ulcers. Atherosclerosis 1999; 142:225–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wahlberg JE. Skin irritancy evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. Acta Pharm Nord 1992; 4:126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Olavi A, Kolari PJ, Esa A. Edema and lower leg perfusion in patients with post traumatic dysfunction. Acupunct Electrother Res 1991; 16:11.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gschwandtner ME, Ambrozy E, Fasching S, et al. Microcirculation in venous ulcers and the surrounding skin: findings with capillary microscopy and a laser Doppler imager. Eur J Clin Invest 1999; 29:708–716.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Dikstein S, Zlotogorski A. Skin surface hydrogen ion concentration (pH). In: Levegue JL (ed) Cutaneous investigation in health and disease: Noninvasive methods and instrumentation. New York/Basel: Marcel Dekker; 1988: 59–78.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Peker J, Wahlbas W. Zur Methodic der pH-Messung der Hautoberflache. Dermatol Wochenschr 1972; 158:572.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Von Kaden H, Oelssner W, Kaden A, Schirmer E. Die Bestimmung des pH-Wertes in vivo mit Ionensensitiven Feldeffecttransistoren. Z Med Lab Diagn 1991; 32:114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Glibbery AB, Mani R. pH in leg ulcers. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 1992; 2:109.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mastronicola, D., Romanelli, M. (2006). Clinical and Instrumental Assessment of Pressure Ulcers. In: Romanelli, M., Clark, M., Cherry, G., Colin, D., Defloor, T. (eds) Science and Practice of Pressure Ulcer Management. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-134-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-134-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-839-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-134-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics