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Non-Growth Hormone Endocrine Actions of Ghrelin

  • Chapter
Ghrelin

Part of the book series: Endocrine Updates ((ENDO,volume 23))

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Abstract

Apart from the growth hormone (GH) releasing effect of ghrelin, it also interacts with other hormonal systems, such as the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, prolactin secretion, the thyroid axis as well as the gonadal axis. Ghrelin and its analogues stimulate the HPA axis independent of the pituitary, via the hypothalamus, involving both corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine-vasopressin stimulation. However, the GH secretagogue receptor is pathologically expressed in some pituitary tumors, accounting for especially high adrenocortocotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol responses to ghrelin and GH secretagogues seen in patients with Cushing’s disease. Ghrelin and its receptor are expressed both in the normal pituitary and adrenal gland, but no direct effect on ACTH/glucocorticoids has been observed. Ghrelin stimulates prolactin release most probably from the somatomammotroph cells of the pituitary gland. The effects of ghrelin or its analogues on the pituitary regulation of the thyroid and gonadal axes seem to be minimal, although effects within the gonads and thyroid remain to be explored in more detail. Ghrelin and its receptor have been identified in various neuroendocrine tumors. Recent data identifying ghrelin in the placenta, and alterations in ghrelin levels in patients with polycystic ovarian disease, are worthy of further study.

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  1. Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK

    Márta Korbonits & Ashley B. Grossman

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  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Italy

    Ezio Ghigo , Andrea Benso  & Fabio Broglio ,  & 

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Korbonits, M., Grossman, A.B. (2004). Non-Growth Hormone Endocrine Actions of Ghrelin. In: Ghigo, E., Benso, A., Broglio, F. (eds) Ghrelin. Endocrine Updates, vol 23. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7971-0_6

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