Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aagaard L, Laible G, Selenko P, Schmid M, Dorn R, Schotta G, Kuhfittig S, Wolf A, Lebersorger A, Singh PB et al (1999) Functional mammalian homologues of the Drosophila PEV-modifier Su(var)3–9 encode centromere-associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31. Embo J 18: 1923–1938
Adachi Y, Kas E, Laemmli UK (1989) Preferential, cooperative binding of DNA topoisomerase II to scaffold-associated regions. Embo J 8: 3997–4006
Adachi Y, Luke M, Laemmli UK (1991) Chromosome assembly in vitro: topoisomerase II is required for condensation. Cell 64: 137–148
Adolph KW, Kreisman LR, Kuehn RL (1986) Assembly of chromatin fibers into metaphase chromosomes analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Biophys J 49: 221–231
Agresti A, Bianchi ME (2003) HMGB proteins and gene expression. Curr Opin Genet Dev 13: 170–178
Anderson DE, Losada A, Erickson HP, Hirano T (2002) Condensin and cohesin display different arm conformations with characteristic hinge angles. J Cell Biol 156: 419–424
Arents G, Burlingame RW, Wang BC, Love WE, Moudrianakis EN (1991) The nucleosomal core histone octamer at 3.1 A resolution: a tripartite protein assembly and a left-handed superhelix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 10148–10152
Bannister AJ, Zegerman P, Partridge JF, Miska EA, Thomas JO, Allshire RC, Kouzarides T (2001) Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain. Nature 410: 120–124
Bauer UM, Daujat S, Nielsen SJ, Nightingale K, Kouzarides T (2002) Methylation at arginine 17 of histone H3 is linked to gene activation. EMBO Rep 3: 39–44
Becker PB, Wu C (1992) Cell-free system for assembly of transcriptionally repressed chromatin from Drosophila embryos. Mol Cell Biol 12: 2241–2249
Bell AC, Felsenfeld G (1999) Stopped at the border: boundaries and insulators. Curr Opin Genet Dev 9: 191–198
Belmont AS, Bruce K (1994) Visualization of G1 chromosomes: a folded, twisted, supercoiled chromonema model of interphase chromatid structure. J Cell Biol 127: 287–302
Bennink ML, Leuba SH, Leno GH, Zlatanova J, de Grooth BG, Greve J (2001) Unfolding individual nucleosomes by stretching single chromatin fibers with optical tweezers. Nat Struct Biol 8: 606–610
Berger JM, Gamblin SJ, Harrison SC, Wang JC (1996) Structure and mechanism of DNA topoisomerase II. Nature 379: 225–232
Berrios M, Osheroff N, Fisher PA (1985) In situ localization of DNA topoisomerase II, a major polypeptide component of the Drosophila nuclear matrix fraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 4142–4146
Bianchi ME, Agresti A (2005) HMG proteins: dynamic players in gene regulation and differentiation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15: 496–506
Bonaldi T, Langst G, Strohner R, Becker PB, Bianchi ME (2002) The DNA chaperone HMGB1 facilitates ACF/CHRAC-dependent nucleosome sliding. Embo J 21: 6865–6873
Buschhausen G, Wittig B, Graessmann M, Graessmann A (1987) Chromatin structure is required to block transcription of the methylated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 1177–1181
Bustin M (2001) Chromatin unfolding and activation by HMGN(*) chromosomal proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 26: 431–437
Bystricky K, Heun P, Gehlen L, Langowski J, Gasser SM (2004) Long-range compaction and flexibility of interphase chromatin in budding yeast analyzed by high-resolution imaging techniques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 16495–16500
Catez F, Brown DT, Misteli T, Bustin M (2002) Competition between histone H1 and HMGN proteins for chromatin binding sites. EMBO Rep 3: 760–766
Chen D, Ma H, Hong H, Koh SS, Huang SM, Schurter BT, Aswad DW, Stallcup MR (1999) Regulation of transcription by a protein methyltransferase. Science 284: 2174–2177
Chubb JR, Boyle S, Perry P, Bickmore WA (2002) Chromatin motion is constrained by association with nuclear compartments in human cells. Curr Biol 12: 439–445
Croston GE, Kadonaga JT (1993) Role of chromatin structure in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Curr Opin Cell Biol 5: 417–423
de Frutos M, Raspaud E, Leforestier A, Livolant F (2001) Aggregation of nucleosomes by divalent cations. Biophys J 81: 1127–1132
de la Barre AE, Gerson V, Gout S, Creaven M, Allis CD, Dimitrov S (2000) Core histone N-termini play an essential role in mitotic chromosome condensation. Embo J 19: 379–391
de Lanerolle P, Johnson T, Hofmann WA (2005) Actin and myosin I in the nucleus: what next? Nat Struct Mol Biol 12: 742–746
Ding HF, Bustin M, Hansen U (1997) Alleviation of histone H1-mediated transcriptional repression and chromatin compaction by the acidic activation region in chromosomal protein HMG-14. Mol Cell Biol 17: 5843–5855
Ellwood KB, Yen YM, Johnson RC, Carey M (2000) Mechanism for specificity by HMG-1 in enhanceosome assembly. Mol Cell Biol 20: 4359–4370
Felsenfeld G, McGhee JD (1986) Structure of the 30 nm chromatin fiber. Cell 44: 375–377
Felts SJ, Weil PA, Chalkley R (1990) Transcription factor requirements for in vitro formation of transcriptionally competent 5S rRNA gene chromatin. Mol Cell Biol 10: 2390–2401
Fey EG, Krochmalnic G, Penman S (1986) The nonchromatin substructures of the nucleus: the ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-containing and RNP-depleted matrices analyzed by sequential fractionation and resinless section electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 102: 1654–1665
Fisher PA, Berrios M, Blobel G (1982) Isolation and characterization of a proteinaceous subnuclear fraction composed of nuclear matrix, peripheral lamina, and nuclear pore complexes from embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. J Cell Biol 92: 674–686
Gasser SM, Laemmli UK (1986) The organisation of chromatin loops: characterization of a scaffold attachment site. Embo J 5: 511–518
Germond JE, Hirt B, Oudet P, Gross-Bellark M, Chambon P (1975) Folding of the DNA double helix in chromatin-like structures from simian virus 40. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72: 1843–1847
Godde JS, Widom J (1992) Chromatin structure of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A nucleosome repeat length that is shorter than the chromatosomal DNA length. J Mol Biol 226: 1009–1025
Gonsior SM, Platz S, Buchmeier S, Scheer U, Jockusch BM, Hinssen H (1999) Conformational difference between nuclear and cytoplasmic actin as detected by a monoclonal antibody. J Cell Sci 112(Pt 6): 797–809
Goodwin GH, Sanders C, Johns EW (1973) A new group of chromatin-associated proteins with a high content of acidic and basic amino acids. Eur J Biochem 38: 14–19
Goto H, Tomono Y, Ajiro K, Kosako H, Fujita M, Sakurai M, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Okigaki T, Takahashi T, Inagaki M (1999) Identification of a novel phosphorylation site on histone H3 coupled with mitotic chromosome condensation. J Biol Chem 274: 25543–25549
Gurley LR, D’Anna, JA, Barham SS, Deaven LL, Tobey RA (1978) Histone phosphorylation and chromatin structure during mitosis in Chinese hamster cells. Eur J Biochem 84: 1–15
Harata M, Oma Y, Mizuno S, Jiang YW, Stillman DJ, Wintersberger U (1999) The nuclear actin-related protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Act3p/Arp4, interacts with core histones. Mol Biol Cell 10: 2595–2605
Hayes JJ, Lee KM (1997) In vitro reconstitution and analysis of mononucleosomes containing defined DNAs and proteins. Methods 12: 2–9
Hernandez-Verdun D, Gautier T (1994) The chromosome periphery during mitosis. Bioessays 16: 179–185
Hirano T, Kobayashi R, Hirano M (1997) Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Barren protein. Cell 89: 511–521
Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Maruyama H, Kim J, Wada H, Takeyasu K (2002) Chromatin reconstitution: development of a salt-dialysis method monitored by nano-technology. Arch Histol Cytol 65: 405–413
Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K (2004) Atomic force microscopy demonstrates a critical role of DNA superhelicity in nucleosome dynamics. Cell Biochem Biophys 40: 249–262
Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K (2005) Linker histone H1 per se can induce three-dimensional folding of chromatin fiber. Biochemistry 44: 12978–12989
Hofmann WA, de Lanerolle P (2006) Nuclear actin: to polymerize or not to polymerize. J Cell Biol 172: 495–496
Horn PJ, Peterson CL (2002) Molecular biology: Chromatin higher order folding – Wrapping up transcription. Science 297: 1824–1827
Hoshi O, Ushiki T (2001) Three-dimensional structure of G-banded human metaphase chromosomes observed by atomic force microscopy. Arch Histol Cytol 64: 475–482
Huynh VA, Robinson PJ, Rhodes D (2005) A method for the in vitro reconstitution of a defined ‘‘30 nm’’ chromatin fibre containing stoichiometric amounts of the linker histone. J Mol Biol 345: 957–968
Ito T, Bulger M, Pazin MJ, Kobayashi R, Kadonaga JT (1997) ACF, an ISWI-containing and ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor. Cell 90: 145–155
Jackson DA, Cook PR (1995) The structural basis of nuclear function. Int Rev Cytol 162A: 125–149
James TC, Elgin SC (1986) Identification of a nonhistone chromosomal protein associated with heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster and its gene. Mol Cell Biol 6: 3862–3872
Jarman AP, Higgs DR (1988) Nuclear scaffold attachment sites in the human globin gene complexes. Embo J 7: 3337–3344
Karymov MA, Tomschik M, Leuba SH, Caiafa P, Zlatanova J (2001) DNA methylation-dependent chromatin fiber compaction in vivo and in vitro: requirement for linker histone. Faseb J 15: 2631–2641
Kaszas E, Cande WZ (2000) Phosphorylation of histone H3 is correlated with changes in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in maize, rather than the condensation of the chromatin. J Cell Sci 113(Pt 18): 3217–3226
Keller W (1975) Determination of the number of superhelical turns in simian virus 40 DNA by gel electrophoresis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72: 4876–4880
Kelly TJ, Qin S, Gottschling DE, Parthun MR (2000) Type B histone acetyltransferase Hat1p participates in telomeric silencing. Mol Cell Biol 20: 7051–7058
Kimura A, Matsubara K, Horikoshi M (2005) A decade of histone acetylation: marking eukaryotic chromosomes with specific codes. J Biochem (Tokyo) 138: 647–662
Kimura K, Hirano T (1997) ATP-dependent positive supercoiling of DNA by 13S condensin: a biochemical implication for chromosome condensation. Cell 90: 625–634
Kobori T, Kodama M, Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Ohtani T, Takeyasu K (2006) Comparative structural biology of the genome: nano-scale imaging of single nucleus from different kingdoms reveals the common physicochemical property of chromatin with a 40 nm structural unit. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 55: 31–40
Kornberg RD (1974) Chromatin structure: a repeating unit of histones and DNA. Science 184: 868–871
Lachner M, O’Carroll D, Rea S, Mechtler K, Jenuwein T (2001) Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins. Nature 410: 116–120
Lane NJ (1969) Intranuclear fibrillar bodies in actinomycin D-treated oocytes. J Cell Biol 40: 286–291
Leuba SH, Yang G, Robert C, Samori B, van Holde K, Zlatanova J, Bustamante C (1994) Three-dimensional structure of extended chromatin fibers as revealed by tapping-mode scanning force microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91: 11621–11625
Leuba SH, Bustamante C, van Holde K, Zlatanova J (1998) Linker histone tails and N-tails of histone H3 are redundant: scanning force microscopy studies of reconstituted fibers. Biophys J 74: 2830–2839
Li G, Sudlow G, Belmont AS (1998) Interphase cell cycle dynamics of a late-replicating, heterochromatic homogeneously staining region: precise choreography of condensation/decondensation and nuclear positioning. J Cell Biol 140: 975–989
Lu W, Peterson R, Dasgupta A, Scovell WM (2000) Influence of HMG-1 and adenovirus oncoprotein E1A on early stages of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly. J Biol Chem 275: 35006–35012
Luger K, Mader AW, Richmond RK, Sargent DF, Richmond TJ (1997) Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution. Nature 389: 251–260
Lusser A, Kadonaga JT (2004) Strategies for the reconstitution of chromatin. Nat Methods 1: 19–26
Maeshima K, Laemmli UK (2003) A two-step scaffolding model for mitotic chromosome assembly. Dev Cell 4: 467–480
Mahy NL, Perry PE, Gilchrist S, Baldock RA, Bickmore WA (2002) Spatial organization of active and inactive genes and noncoding DNA within chromosome territories. J Cell Biol 157: 579–589
Mangenot S, Leforestier A, Vachette P, Durand D, Livolant F (2002) Salt-induced conformation and interaction changes of nucleosome core particles. Biophys J 82: 345–356
Marsden MP, Laemmli UK (1979) Metaphase chromosome structure: evidence for a radial loop model. Cell 17: 849–858
Marshall WF, Straight A, Marko JF, Swedlow J, Dernburg A, Belmont A, Murray AW, Agard DA, Sedat JW (1997) Interphase chromosomes undergo constrained diffusional motion in living cells. Curr Biol 7: 930–939
McGhee JD, Felsenfeld G (1980) Nucleosome structure. Annu Rev Biochem 49: 1115–1156
Melby TE, Ciampaglio CN, Briscoe G, Erickson HP (1998) The symmetrical structure of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and MukB proteins: long, antiparallel coiled coils, folded at a flexible hinge. J Cell Biol 142: 1595–1604
Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL, Geiger B, Krepler R (1982) The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell 31: 11–24
Nabirochkin S, Ossokina M, Heidmann T (1998) A nuclear matrix/scaffold attachment region co-localizes with the gypsy retrotransposon insulator sequence. J Biol Chem 273: 2473–2479
Nakai T, Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K, Yoshikawa K (2005) Phase transition in reconstituted chromatin. Europhysics Letters 69: 1024–1030
Namciu SJ, Blochlinger KB, Fournier RE (1998) Human matrix attachment regions insulate transgene expression from chromosomal position effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 18: 2382–2391
Narlikar GJ, Fan HY, Kingston RE (2002) Cooperation between complexes that regulate chromatin structure and transcription. Cell 108: 475–487
Nettikadan SR, Furbee CS, Muller MT, Takeyasu K (1998) Molecular structure of human topoisomerase II alpha revealed by atomic force microscopy. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 47: 671–674
Nickerson J (2001) Experimental observations of a nuclear matrix. J Cell Sci 114: 463–474
Nowak SJ, Corces VG (2004) Phosphorylation of histone H3: a balancing act between chromosome condensation and transcriptional activation. Trends Genet 20: 214–220
O’Neill TE, Roberge M, Bradbury EM (1992) Nucleosome arrays inhibit both initiation and elongation of transcripts by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. J Mol Biol 223: 67–78
Ohfuchi E, Kato M, Sasaki M, Sugimoto K, Oma Y, Harata M (2006) Vertebrate Arp6, a novel nuclear actin-related protein, interacts with heterochromatin protein 1. Eur J Cell Biol 85: 411–421
Ohniwa RL, Morikawa K, Kim J, Kobori T, Hizume K, Matsumi R, Atomi H, Imanaka T, Ohta T, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K (2006) Atomic Force Microscopy Dissects the Hierarchy of Genome Architectures in Eukaryote, Prokaryote and Chloroplast. Microscopy & Microanalysis 13:1–10
Ohsumi K, Katagiri C, Kishimoto T (1993) Chromosome condensation in Xenopus mitotic extracts without histone H1. Science 262: 2033–2035
Olave IA, Reck-Peterson SL, Crabtree GR (2002) Nuclear actin and actin-related proteins in chromatin remodeling. Annu Rev Biochem 71: 755–781
Olins DE, Olins AL (1972) Physical studies of isolated eucaryotic nuclei. J Cell Biol 53: 715–736
Ono T, Losada A, Hirano M, Myers MP, Neuwald AF, Hirano T (2003) Differential contributions of condensin I and condensin II to mitotic chromosome architecture in vertebrate cells. Cell 115: 109–121
Opel ML, Arfin SM, Hatfield GW (2001) The effects of DNA supercoiling on the expression of operons of the ilv regulon of Escherichia coli suggest a physiological rationale for divergently transcribed operons. Mol Microbiol 39: 1109–1115
Owen-Hughes T, Workman JL (1994) Experimental analysis of chromatin function in transcription control. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 4: 403–441
Paulson JR, Laemmli UK (1977) The structure of histone-depleted metaphase chromosomes. Cell 12: 817–828
Peterson CL, Laniel MA (2004) Histones and histone modifications. Curr Biol 14, R546–551
Pfaffle P, Gerlach V, Bunzel L, Jackson V (1990) In vitro evidence that transcription-induced stress causes nucleosome dissolution and regeneration. J Biol Chem 265: 16830–16840
Poch O, Winsor B (1997) Who’s who among the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-related proteins? A classification and nomenclature proposal for a large family. Yeast 13: 1053–1058
Preuss U, Landsberg G, Scheidtmann KH (2003) Novel mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr11 mediated by Dlk/ZIP kinase. Nucleic Acids Res 31: 878–885
Prymakowska-Bosak M, Misteli T, Herrera JE, Shirakawa H, Birger Y, Garfield S, Bustin M (2001) Mitotic phosphorylation prevents the binding of HMGN proteins to chromatin. Mol Cell Biol 21: 5169–5178
Rattner JB, Hamkalo BA (1979) Nucleosome packing in interphase chromatin. J Cell Biol 81: 453–457
Rattner JB, Lin CC (1985) Radial loops and helical coils coexist in metaphase chromosomes. Cell 42: 291–296
Rattner JB, Saunders C, Davie JR, Hamkalo BA (1982) Ultrastructural organization of yeast chromatin. J Cell Biol 93: 217–222
Rea S, Eisenhaber F, O’Carroll D, Strahl BD, Sun ZW, Schmid M, Opravil S, Mechtler K, Ponting CP, Allis CD, Jenuwein T (2000) Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases. Nature 406: 593–599
Rhodes D, Klug A (1981) Sequence-dependent helical periodicity of DNA. Nature 292: 378–380
Roussel P, Andre C, Comai L, Hernandez-Verdun D (1996) The rDNA transcription machinery is assembled during mitosis in active NORs and absent in inactive NORs. J Cell Biol 133: 235–246
Satchwell SC, Drew HR, Travers AA (1986) Sequence periodicities in chicken nucleosome core DNA. J Mol Biol 191: 659–675
Sato MH, Ura K, Hohmura KI, Tokumasu F, Yoshimura SH, Hanaoka F, Takeyasu K (1999) Atomic force microscopy sees nucleosome positioning and histone H1-induced compaction in reconstituted chromatin. FEBS Lett 452: 267–271
Schafer DA, Schroer TA (1999) Actin-related proteins. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 15: 341–363
Schurter BT, Koh SS, Chen D, Bunick GJ, Harp JM, Hanson BL, Henschen-Edman A, Mackay DR, Stallcup MR, Aswad DW (2001) Methylation of histone H3 by coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1. Biochemistry 40: 5747–5756
Shen X, Yu L, Weir JW, Gorovsky MA (1995) Linker histones are not essential and affect chromatin condensation in vivo. Cell 82: 47–56
Simon RH, Felsenfeld G (1979) A new procedure for purifying histone pairs H2A + H2B and H3 + H4 from chromatin using hydroxylapatite. Nucleic Acids Res 6: 689–696
Simpson RT (1978) Structure of the chromatosome, a chromatin particle containing 160 base pairs of DNA and all the histones. Biochemistry 17: 5524–5531
Simpson RT, Stafford DW (1983) Structural features of a phased nucleosome core particle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 51–55
Simpson RT, Thoma F, Brubaker JM (1985) Chromatin reconstituted from tandemly repeated cloned DNA fragments and core histones: a model system for study of higher order structure. Cell 42: 799–808
Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Kanahara H, Kobori T, Ohtani T (2003) Atomic force microscopic imaging of 30 nm chromatin fiber from partially relaxed plant chromosomes. Scanning 25: 132–136
Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Kanahara H, Shichiri M, Fukushi D, Ohtani T (2004) Effects of acetic acid treatment on plant chromosome structures analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Anal Biochem 324: 39–44
Sutrias-Grau M, Bianchi ME, Bernues J (1999) High mobility group protein 1 interacts specifically with the core domain of human TATA box-binding protein and interferes with transcription factor IIB within the pre-initiation complex. J Biol Chem 274: 1628–1634
Tamayo J, Miles M (2000) Human chromosome structure studied by scanning force microscopy after an enzymatic digestion of the covering cell material. Ultramicroscopy 82: 245–251
Taniguchi T, Takayama S (1986) High-order structure of metaphase chromosomes: evidence for a multiple coiling model. Chromosoma 93: 511–514
Tatchell K, Van Holde KE (1977) Reconstitution of chromatin core particles. Biochemistry 16: 5295–5303
Thoma F, Koller T (1977) Influence of histone H1 on chromatin structure. Cell 12: 101–107
Thoma F, Koller T, Klug A (1979) Involvement of histone H1 in the organization of the nucleosome and of the salt-dependent superstructures of chromatin. J Cell Biol 83: 403–427
Turner BM, Birley AJ, Lavender J (1992) Histone H4 isoforms acetylated at specific lysine residues define individual chromosomes and chromatin domains in Drosophila polytene nuclei. Cell 69: 375–384
Uchiyama S, Kobayashi S, Takata H, Ishihara T, Hori N, Higashi T, Hayashihara K, Sone T, Higo D, Nirasawa T et al (2005) Proteome analysis of human metaphase chromosomes. J Biol Chem 280: 16994–17004
Udvardy A, Maine E, Schedl P (1985) The 87A7 chromomere. Identification of novel chromatin structures flanking the heat shock locus that may define the boundaries of higher order domains. J Mol Biol 185: 341–358
Uemura T, Ohkura H, Adachi Y, Morino K, Shiozaki K, Yanagida M (1987) DNA topoisomerase II is required for condensation and separation of mitotic chromosomes in S. pombe. Cell 50: 917–925
Ushiki T, Hoshi O, Iwai K, Kimura E, Shigeno M (2002) The structure of human metaphase chromosomes: its histological perspective and new horizons by atomic force microscopy. Arch Histol Cytol 65: 377–390
Van Hooser A, Goodrich DW, Allis CD, Brinkley BR, Mancini MA (1998) Histone H3 phosphorylation is required for the initiation, but not maintenance, of mammalian chromosome condensation. J Cell Sci 111(Pt 23): 3497–3506
Vazquez J, Belmont AS, Sedat JW (2001) Multiple regimes of constrained chromosome motion are regulated in the interphase Drosophila nucleus. Curr Biol 11: 1227–1239
Verschure PJ, van der Kraan I, de Leeuw W, van der Vlag J, Carpenter AE, Belmont AS, van Driel R (2005) In vivo HP1 targeting causes large-scale chromatin condensation and enhanced histone lysine methylation. Mol Cell Biol 25: 4552–4564
Wang H, Huang ZQ, Xia L, Feng Q, Erdjument-Bromage H, Strahl BD, Briggs SD, Allis CD, Wong J, Tempst P, Zhang Y (2001) Methylation of histone H4 at arginine 3 facilitating transcriptional activation by nuclear hormone receptor. Science 293: 853–857
Wang JC (2002) Cellular roles of DNA topoisomerases: a molecular perspective. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3: 430–440
Wei Y, Mizzen CA, Cook RG, Gorovsky MA, Allis CD (1998) Phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 is correlated with chromosome condensation during mitosis and meiosis in Tetrahymena. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 7480–7484
Widom J, Klug A (1985) Structure of the 300A chromatin filament: X-ray diffraction from oriented samples. Cell 43: 207–213
Williams RR (2003) Transcription and the territory: the ins and outs of gene positioning. Trends Genet 19: 298–302
Wood V, Gwilliam R, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Lyne R, Stewart A, Sgouros J, Peat N, Hayles J, Baker S et al (2002) The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 415: 871–880
Woodcock CL, Frado LL, Rattner JB (1984) The higher-order structure of chromatin: evidence for a helical ribbon arrangement. J Cell Biol 99: 42–52
Worcel A, Burgi E (1972) On the structure of the folded chromosome of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 71: 127–147
Yoshimura SH, Ohniwa RL, Sato MH, Matsunaga F, Kobayashi G, Uga H, Wada C, Takeyasu K (2000) DNA phase transition promoted by replication initiator. Biochemistry 39: 9139–9145
Yoshimura SH, Hizume K, Murakami A, Sutani T, Takeyasu K, Yanagida M (2002) Condensin architecture and interaction with DNA. Regulatory non-SMC subunits bind to the head of SMC heterodimer. Curr Biol 12: 508–513
Yoshimura SH, Kim J, Takeyasu K (2003) On-substrate lysis treatment combined with scanning probe microscopy revealed chromosome structures in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 52: 415–423
Zamore PD, Haley B (2005) Ribo-gnome: the big world of small RNAs. Science 309: 1519–1524
Zhao K, Wang W, Rando OJ, Xue Y, Swiderek K, Kuo A, Crabtree GR (1998) Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling. Cell 95: 625–636
Zheng C, Hayes JJ (2003) Structures and interactions of the core histone tail domains. Biopolymers 68: 539–546
Zlatanova J, Leuba SH, van Holde K (1999) Chromatin structure revisited. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 9: 245–255
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hizume, K., Yoshimura, S.H., Kumeta, M., Takeyasu, K. (2007). Structural Organization of Dynamic Chromatin. In: Kundu, T.K., et al. Chromatin and Disease. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 41. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5466-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5466-1_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5465-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5466-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)