Abstract
A large amount of literature is available on the modern history of the Greek school system up until the 1950s, to which we refer in this paper (Pirgiotakis 1988; Kelpanides 1980, pp. 448ff.; Kelpanides 1997, pp. 231ff.). After a few isolated reforms in the 1950s, a more important stage in the history of the Greek school system began in the mid-sixties; since that time there have been three major packages of reforms to the system (Xochellis 1995, pp. 51ff.; Kazamias/Kassotakis 1986). The first of these occurred in 1964, but was almost immediately interrupted by the sevenyear military dictatorship (1967-74). The process was then resumed in the years 1976-80. The second set of reforms was introduced over the period 1981-85; some of their impact can still be seen in Greek schools of the present day. The third group of reforms began in 1997; these measures are still being implemented and are still subject to debate. Generally speaking, Greek educational policy over the last four decades has been characterized by repeated attempts and measures to adapt the school system to historical, social, and economic circumstances. At the heart of all the reforms has been the principle of equal opportunities in education. The gradual democratization of the school system – a trend which has characterized the Greek school system since the nineteenth century – must be judged in terms of its success in implementing this principle (Tsoukalas 1977).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bouzakis, S.: School Reform in the ’80s. In: Pirgiotakis, ./Kanakis, I. (Eds): World Crisis in Education. Athens 1992, pp. 240–265. (In Greek)
Centre for Educational Research / Stamelos, G. (Eds): The Greek Education System. Primary and Secondary School. Structures and Quantitative Facts. Athens 2002. (In Greek)
Education Act of 1985 [Law 1566]. (In Greek)
Education Act of 1992 [Law 2009]. (In Greek)
Education Act of 1997 [Law 2525]. (In Greek)
Education Act of 1998 [Law 2640]. (In Greek)
Eurydice National Unit: Greece- Technical Vocational Schools. In: European Commission (DG Education and Culture) Magazine on Education, Training and Youth 13 (2000).
Eurydice: Summary Sheets on Education Systems in Europe- Greece. July 2000.
Eurydice–Eurybase: The Education System in Greece. 2000. (http://www.eurydice.org/Eurybase)
Greek Committee of Rectors: Report on the Symposium ‘Transition from the Secondary to the Tertiary Sector of the School System’. Athens 1995. (Unpublished manuscript in Greek)
Hodolidou, E.: The Discussion on School Reform (1976–1981). Thessaloniki 1987. (In Greek)
Hopf, D.: Schulische Wiedereingliederung von Remigrantenkindern in Griechenland. Integrationshilfen durch Förderkurse. Münster; New York 1992.
Hopf, D./Xochellis, P.: Gymnasium and Lyceum in Greece. Athens 2003. (In Greek)
Kazamias, A./Kassotakis, M. (Eds) : School Reform in Greece. Rethymno 1986. (In Greek).
Kazamias, A./Kassotakis, M. (Eds): Greek Education. Perspectives of Reconstruction and Change. Athens 1995. (In Greek).
Kelpanides, M.: Schulsystem und Volksbildung in Griechenland. In: Südosteuropa- Handbuch, Vol. III. Göttingen 1980, pp. 448–471.
Kelpanides, M.: Griechisches Bildungssystem: Rezeption von Einflüssen aus anderen europäischen Ländern. In: Lechner, E. (Ed.): Pädagogische Grenzgänger in Europa. Frankfurt a. M. u.a. 1997, pp. 231–249.
Kesidou, A.: Die europäische Dimension der griechischen und baden-württembergischen Lehrpläne und Schulbücher der Sekundarschule. An den Beispielen Geographie, politische Bildung, Geschichte und Literatur. Frankfurt a. M. u.a. 1999.
Ministry for National Education and Religion: The Education Reform 1996–1998. Athens 1998. (In Greek)
Ministry for National Education and Religion/Centre for Educational Research: The Greek Education System. A Concise Picture in Figures. Athens 2003. (In Greek)
National Statistical Service of Greece: Education Statistics 2002/2003. Preprint. Athens 2003. (In Greek)
OECD: Reviews of National Policies for Education –Greece. Paris 1997.
Pedagogical Institute: The School Drop-out- Problem in the Gymnasium. School Year 1997/98. Athens 2001. (In Greek)
Pirgiotakis, J.: Schulreformen in Griechenland. Köln; Wien 1988.
Pirgiotakis, J./Kanakis, I. (Eds) : World Crisis in Education, Athens 1992. (In Greek)
Terzis, N.: Views on School Reform. External and Internal School Reform. In: Philologos 23 (1981), pp. 272–281 and 28 (1982), pp. 100–110. (In Greek)
Terzis, N.: The Gymnasium as Stage of the Compulsory School. Critical Approach and Comparative Research. Thessaloniki 1988 (in Greek).
Tsoukalas, K.: Dependence and Reproduction. The Social Role of School Mechanisms in Greece. Athens 1977. (In Greek)
UNESCO International Bureau of Education: World Data on Education –Greece. (http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/Databanks/Dossiers/pgreece.htm)
Xochellis, P.: Thirty Years of School Reform in Greece. A Critical Approach from the Perspective of Educational Science. In: Enosi Filon tou Pneumatikou Idrymatos “Georgios Papandreou” (Ed.): The School Reform of 1964: Thirty Years After. Patras 1995, pp. 51–60. (In Greek)
Xochellis, P.: Die Lehreraus-, fort- und -weiterbildung in Griechenland. In: Tertium Comparationis 6 (2000) 2, pp.172–178.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Xochellis, P., Kesidou, A. (2007). Greece. In: HÖRNER, W., DÖBERT, H., KOPP, B.V., MITTER, W. (eds) The Education Systems of Europe. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4874-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4874-2_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4868-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4874-6
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)