Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) c pigments are found in nine Divisions of aquatic chromophyte algae, co-occurring with Chl a and carotenoids in chloroplast thylakoids, and in two Divisions of photosynthetic prokaryotes. Chls c differ from Chls a, b and d in being Mg-phytoporphyrins rather than Mg-chlorins. In addition to Chls c 1, c 2 and c 3, many new Chl c-like pigments have recently been isolated and characterized in parallel with advances in separation techniques and spectroscopic methods. Since 1990, the number of known Chls c increased from seven (Chls c 1, c 2, c 3, Chl cCS-170, a Chl c 2-like pigment from Pavlova gyrans, [DV]-PChlide (i.e. MgDVP) and a nonpolar Chl c-like pigment) to eleven compounds. Novel Chls c include [MV]-Chl c 3 from the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi, a Chl c 1-like pigment from the dinoflagellate Kryptoperidinium foliaceum and two Chl c 2 pigments esterified with monogalactosyl diacylglycerides (MGDG) which have been identified as Chl c 2-MGDG (18:4/14:0) from E. huxleyi and Chl c 2-MGDG (14:0/14:0) from Chrysochromulina polylepis, respectively. In addition, one nonpolar Chl c 1-like pigment has been isolated from Prymnesium parvum. Chl c 2 is the major Chl c pigment found in all Divisions of chromophyte algae, either alone or with significant quantities of Chls c 1 and/or c 3. Chl c diversity is highest in the Haptophyta.
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Zapata, M., Garrido, J.L., Jeffrey, S.W. (2006). Chlorophyll c Pigments: Current Status. In: Grimm, B., Porra, R.J., Rüdiger, W., Scheer, H. (eds) Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4516-6_3
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