Abstract
A large body of pathophysiological evidence supports the beneficial role of HBO in reversing a delayed healing process. Daily experience supports its use in the clinical management of patients with non-healing wounds. TCPO2 measurement is a valuable and helpful method for patient selection, follow-up and treatment monitoring.
The ECHM, in its 7th European Consensus, has confirmed its recommendation for the use of adjunct HBO in the management of selected patients with delayed healing (diabetic foot lesions; arterial ulcers; compromised skin grafts; and musculocutaneous flaps). However, there is still a need to perform good randomized controlled studies to improve the level of evidence supporting these recommendations
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lawrence WT. Clinical management of non healing wounds. In: Cohen IK, Diegelmann RF, Lindblad WJ (eds). Wound healing. Biochemical and clinical aspects. Saunders, Philadelphia. 1992: 541–561.
Clark RAF. The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair. 2nd ed Plenum Press, New York, 1996.
Singer AS, Clark RAF. Cutaneous wound healing. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 738–746.
Hunt TK, Linsey M, Grislis G et al. The effect of ambient oxygen tension on wound infection. Ann Surg. 1975; 81: 35–39.
Rabkin JM, Hunt TK. Infection and oxygen. In: Davis JC, Hunt TK (eds). Problem wounds: The role of oxygen. Elsevier, New York. 1988: 1–16.
LaVan FB, Hunt TK. Oxygen and wound healing. Clin Plast Surg. 1990; 17(3): 463–472.
Niinikoski H. Effect of oxygen supply on wound healing and formation of granulation tissue. Acta Physiol Scand (Suppl). 1969; 334: 1–72
Udenfried S. Formation of hydroxyproline in collagen. Science. 1966; 152: 1335–1340.
Kao K-Y, Hitt WE, Dawson RL, et al. Connective tissue. VIII. Factors affecting collagen synthesis by sponge biopsy connective tissue. Proc Soc Exper Biol (NY). 1963; 113: 762–766.
Knighton DR, Silver IA, Hunt TK. Regulation of wound-healing angiogenesis: Effect of oxygen gradients and inspired oxygen concentration. Surgery. 1981; 90: 262–270.
Hunt TK, Pai MP. The effect of varying ambient oxygen tensions on wound metabolism and collagen synthesis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1972; 135: 561–566.
Stephens FO, Hunt TK. Effect of changes in inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions on wound tensile strength: An experimental study. Ann Surg. 1971; 173: 515–519.
Hohn DC, Hunt TK. Oxidative metabolism and microbicidal activity of rabbit phagocytes: Cells from wounds and from peripheral blood. Surg Forum. 1975; 26: 85–87.
Knighton DR, Halliday B, Hunt TK. Oxygen as an antibiotic. The effect of inspired oxygen on infection. Arch Surg. 1984; 119: 199–204.
Krogh A. The number and distribution of capillaries in muscle with calculations of the oxygen pressure head necessary for supplying the tissue. J Physiol. 1919; 52: 409–415.
Hunt TK. A new method of determining tissue oxygen tension. Lancet. 1964; 2: 1370–1371.
Kivisaari J, Niinikoski J. Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation and prolonged hypoxia on the healing of open wounds. Acta Chir Scand. 1975; 141: 14–19.
Niinikoski J, Hunt TK. Measurement of wound oxygen with implanted silastic tube. Surgery. 1972; 71: 22.
Roth RN, Weiss LD. Hyperbaric oxygen and wound healing. Clin Dermatol. 1994; 12: 141–156.
Moon RE. Use of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of selected wounds. Adv Wound Care. 1998; 11: 332–334.
Bakker DJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2000; 16Suppl 1: S55–S58.
Fulton JE Jr. The use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) to accelerate wound healing. Dermatol Surg. 2000; 26: 1170–1172.
Mathieu D., Neviere R., Millien JP., Coget JM., Wattel F. Non invasive assessment of vasoconstrictive effects of hyperoxygenation in focal ischemia. In: Bennett PB., Marquis RE. Basic and applied high pressure biology University of Rochester Press, Rochester. 1994: 375–381.
Mathieu D, Coget JM, Vinckier L et al. Red blood cell deformability and hyperbaric oxygen. Med Sub Hyp 1984; 3:100.
Hunt TK., Niinikoski J., Zederfeldt BH, Silver A. Oxygen in wound healing enhancement: cellular effect of oxygen. In Davis JC., Hunt TK. (eds). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Medical Soc Inc, Bethesda MD. 1977; II: 111–122.
Stewart RJ, Yamaguchi KT, Mason SW et al. Tissue ATP levels in burn injured skin treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Biomed Res (suppl). 1989; 16: 53.
Thom SR. Molecular mechanisms for the antagonism of lipid peroxidation by hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Biomed Res (suppl) 1990; 17: 53–54.
Mehm WS., Pimsler M., Becker RL., Lissner CR. Effect of oxygen on in vitro fibroblast cell proliferation and collagen biosynthesis. J Hyper Med. 1988; 3: 227–234.
Hehenberger K., Brismar K., Lind F., Kratz G. Dose-dependant hyperbaric oxygen stimulation of human fibroblast proliferation. Wound Repair Regen. 1997; 5: 147–150.
Roberts GP., Harding KG. Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured fibroblasts by hyperbaric oxygen. Br J Dermat. 1994; 131: 630–633.
Marx RE, Ehler WS., Tayapongsak P., Pierce LW. Relationship of oxygen dose to angiogenesis. Induction in irradiated tissue. Am J Surg. 1990; 160: 519–524.
Meltzer T., Myers B. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the bursting strength and rate of vascularization of skin wounds in the rat. Am Surg. 1986; 52: 659–662.
Nylander G, Nordström H, Eriksson E. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on edema formation after a scald burn. Burns. 1984; 10(3): 193–196.
Dimitrijevich SD., Paranjape S., Wilson JR., Gracy RW., Mills JG. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on human skin cells in culture and in human dermal and skin equivalents Wound Repair Regen 1999; 7: 53–64.
Quirinia A., Viidik A. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on different phases of healing of ischaemic flap wounds and incisional wounds in skin. Br J Plast Surg. 1995; 48: 583–589.
Jain KK. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in wound healing, plastic surgery and dermatology. In Jain KK. (ed), Textbook of hyperbaric medicine, Hogrefe and Huber, Seattle. 1999: 212–240.
Kidokoro M., Sakakibara K., Rakako T., Nimei M, Hibi Y et al. Experimental and clinical studies upon hyperbaric oxygen therapy for peripheral vascular disorders. In Wada J., Iwa T. (eds). Hyperbaric Medicine. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 1969: 462–468.
Hart GB., Strauss MB. Responses of ischemic ulcerative conditions to OHB. In Smith G. (ed). Hyperbaric Medicine. Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen. 1979: 312–314.
Perrins JD., Barr PO. Hyperbaric oxygenation and wound healing. In Schmutz J. (ed). Proceedings of the 1st Swiss symposium on HBO. Foundation for Hyperbaric Medicine, Basel. 1986: 119–132.
Wattel F, Mathieu D, Coget JM, Billard V. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in chronic vascular wound management. Angiology. 1990; 42: 59–65.
Boulton AJM. The pathway to ulceration: aetiopathogenesis. In A. J. M. Boulton, H. Connor, P.R. Cavanagh. The foot in diabetes (2nd ed). Chichester, John Wiley and Sons. 1995: 37–48.
Reiber G. The epidemiology of diabetic foot problems. Diabetic Med 1996; 13: S6–S11.
Most RS, Sinnock P. The epidemiology of lower extremity amputations in diabetic individuals. Diabetes Care. 1983; 6: 87–91.
Ebskov B, Josephsen P. Incidence of reamputation and death after gangrene of the lower extremity. Prosthet Orthot Int. 1980; 4: 77–80.
Van Houtum WH, Lavery LA, Harkless LB. The costs of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations in the Netherlands. Diabetic Med. 1995; 12: 777–781.
Caputo GM, Cavanagh PR., Ulbrecht JS, Gibbons GW, Karchmer AW. Assessment and management of foot disease in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 854–860.
Pecoraro RE, Reiber GE, Burgess Em. Pathways to diabetic limb amputation: basis for prevention. Diabetes Care. 1990; 13: 513–521.
Boulton AJ, Kubrusly DB, Bowker JH et al. Impaired vibratory perception and diabetic foot ulceration. Diabet Med. 1986; 3: 335–337.
Sosenko JM, Kato M, Solo R, Bild DE. Comparison of quantitative sensory-threshold measures for their association with foot ulceration in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 1057–1061.
Brand PW. Repetitive stress in the development of diabetic foot ulcers. In: Levin ME, O’Neal LW, eds. The diabetic foot. 4th ed. St Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1988: 83–90.
Pomposelli FR Jr, Jepsen SJ, Gibbons GW et al. Efficacy of the dorsal pedal bypass for limb salvage in diabetic patients: short-term observations. J Vasc Surg 1990; 11: 745–752.
McNeely MJ, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Stensel VL, Reiber GE, Smith DG et al. The independent contributors of diabetic neuropathy and vasculopathy in foot ulcerations. Diabetes Care, 1995; 18: 216–219.
Carsten CG, Taylor SM, Langan EM, Crane MM. Factors associated with limb loss despite a patent infrainguinal bypass graft. Am Surg. 1998; 64: 33–37.
Cianci P., Hunt TK. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of diabetic foot wounds. In: Levin ME., O’Neal LW., Bowker JH. (eds). The diabetic foot 5th ed. Mosby-year book, Saint-Louis. 1993: 305–319.
Brakora MJ, Sheffield PJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic wounds. Clin Pod Med Surg. 1995; 12: 105–117.
Williams RL. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the diabetic foot. J Am Pod Med Ass. 1997; 87: 279–292.
Sheffield PJ. Tissue oxygen measurements with respect to soft tissue wound healing with normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen. Hyperbaric Oxygen. 1985; 6: 18–46.
Sheffield PJ. Tissue Oxygen measurements. In: Davis JC, Hunt TK (eds). Problem wound, the role of oxygen. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1988; 17–51.
Wattel F, Mathieu D, Fossati P et al. Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of diabetic foot lesions. J Hyp Med. 1991; 6: 263–268.
Hart GB, Strauss MD. Response of ischemic ulcerative conditions to OHB. In Smith G (ed). Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Hyperbaric Medicine. Aberdeen University Press. 1979: 312–314.
Doctor N, Pandya S, Supe A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic foot. J Postgrad Med 1992; 38: 112–114.
Zamboni Wa, Wong HP, Stephenson LL et al. Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen for diabetic wounds: a prospective study. Undersea and Hyperb Med. 1997; 24: 175–179.
Faglia E, Favales F, Aldeghi A et al. Adjunctive systemic hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of severe prevalently ischemic diabetic foot ulcers. A randomized study. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 1338–1343.
Fourth Consensus Conference of the European Committee on Hyperbaric Medicine. London. December 4–5, 1998. Hyperbaric oxygen in the management of foot lesions in diabetic patients. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 1999; 12: 47–48.
Slack WK., Thomas DA., Dejode LRJ. Hyperbaric oxygen in treatment of trauma, ischemic disease of limbs and varicose ulcerations. In Brown IW., Cox B. (eds). Proceedings of the 3 rd international congress on hyperbaric medicine. National Academy of Sciences — National Research Council, Washington D.C. 1966: 621–624.
Bass BH. The treatment of varicose leg ulcers by hyperbaric oxygen. Postgrad Med J. 1970; 46: 407–408.
Fischer BH. Treatment of ulcers on the legs with hyperbaric oxygen. J Dermatol Surg. 1975; 1: 55–58.
Hammerlund C., Sundberg T. Hyperbaric oxygen reduced size of chronic leg ulcers: a randomized double-blind study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994; 93: 829–833.
Eltorai I. Hyperbaric oxygen in the management of pressure sores in patients with injuries to the spinal cord. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1981; 7: 737–740.
Steinberg MH. Pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1998; 11: 163–184.
Ballas SK. Sickle cell disease: clinical management. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1998; 11: 185–214.
Laszlo J., Obenour W. Jr., Saltzman HA. Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on sickle syndromes. South Med J. 1969; 62: 453–456.
Mehdaoui H., Elisabeth L. Sickle-cell anemia. In: Oriani G., Marroni A., Wattel F. Handbook on hyperbaric medicine. Springer, Berlin. 1996: 830–833.
Wiseman DM., Rovee DT., Alvarez OM. Wound dressings: design and use. In: Cohen IK., Diegelman RF., Lindblad WS. (eds). Wound healing: biochemical and clinical aspects. Saunders, Philadelphia. 1992: 562–580.
Mathieu D., Neviere R., Wattel F. Transcutaneous oxymetry in hyperbaric medicine. In: Oriani G., Marroni A., Wattel F. (eds). Handbook of hyperbaric medicine. Springer, Berlin. 1996: 686–698.
Baumberger JP, Godfriend RB. Determination of arterial oxygen tension in man by equilibration trough intact skin. Fed Proc. 1951; 10: 10–11.
Clark LC Jr, Wolf R, Granger D. Continuous recording of blood oxygen tensions by polarography. J Appl Physiol. 1953; 6: 189–193.
Clark LC Jr. Monitor and control of blood and tissue oxygen tension. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Org. 1956; 2: 41–46.
Huch R, Lubbers DW, Huch A. Quantitative continuous measurement of partial oxygen pressure on the skin of adults and newborn babies. Pflugers Arch. 1972; 337: 185–198.
Huch A, Huch R, Hollmann G, Hockerts T. Transcutaneous PO2 of volunteers during hyperbaric oxygenation. Biotelemetry. 1977; 4: 88–l00.
Eberhard P, Mindt W, Jahn F, Hammacher K. Oxygen monitoring of newborns by skin electrodes. Correlation between arterial and cutaneously determined PO2. In: Bruley DF, Bicher HI (eds). Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Plenum Press, New York. 1973; 37B: 1097–1101.
Eberhard P, Mindt W, Jann F, Hammacher K. Continuous PO2 monitoring in the neonate by skin electrodes. Med Biol Eng. 1975; 13: 436–442.
Hohenauer L. Transcutaneous monitoring Of PO2 (TcPO2) in sick newborn babies: three years of clinical experience. In: Huch A, Huch R, Lucey JF (eds). Continuous transcutaneous blood gas monitoring. New York, Alan R. Liss. 1979: pp 375–376.
Montgomery H, Horowitz O. Oxygen tension of tissues by polarographic method. J Clin Invest. 1953; 29: 1120–1130.
Shoemaker WC, Vidyssagar D. Physiological and clinical significance of PTCO2 measurements. Crit Care Med, 9: 689–690.
Brantigan JW, Ziegler EC, Hynes KM, Dunn KL, Albo D. Tissue gases during hypovolemic shock. J Appl Physiol. 1974; 31: 117–122.
Dennhardt R, Ricke MF, Huch A, Huch R. Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring in anaesthesia. Eur J Intens Care Med. 1976; 2: 29–33.
Podolsky S, Baraff LJ, Geeher E. Transcutaneous oximetry measurements during acute blood loss. Ann Emerg Med. 1982; 11: 523–525.
Kram HB, Shoemaker WC. Diagnosis of major peripheral arterial trauma by transcutaneous oxygen monitoring. Am J Surg. 1984; 147: 776–780.
Eickhoff JH, Engell HC. Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement on the foot in normal subjects and in patients with peripheral arterial disease admitted for vascular surgery. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1981; 41: 742–748.
Ratlift DA, Clyne CAC, Chant ADB, Webster JHH. Prediction of amputation wound healing: the role of transcutaneous PO2 assessment. Br J Surg. 1984; 71: 219–222.
White RA, Nolan L, Harley D, Shoemaker WC. Noninvasive evaluation of peripheral vascular disease using transcutaneous oxygen tension. Am J Surg. 1982; 144: 68–75.
Wyss CA, Matsen FA III, Simmons CW, Burgess EM. Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements on limbs of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease. Surgery. 1984; 95(3): 339–345.
Achauer BM, Black KS, Litke DK. Transcutaneous PO2 in flaps: a new method of survival prediction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980; 65: 738–745.
Serafin D, Lesence CB, Mullen RY, Georgiade NG. Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring for assessing viability and predicting survival of skin flaps: experimental and clinical correlations. J Microsurg. 1981; 2: 165–178.
Sheffield PJ, Workman WT. Noninvasive tissue oxygen measurements in patients administered normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen by mask. Hyperb Oxygen. 1985; 6: 47–62.
Abbot NC, Swanson Beck J, Carnochan FM, Spence VA, James PB. Estimating skin respiration from transcutaneous PO2/PCO2 at 1 and 2 atm abs on normal and inflamed skin. J Hyperb Med. 1990; 5: 91–102.
Wattel F., Mathieu D., Neviere R. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements. A useful technique to appreciate the oxygen delivery to tissues. J Hyperbaric Med. 1991; 6: 269–281.
Hart GB, Meyer GW, Strauss MB, Messina VJ. Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen measured in a monoplace hyperbaric chamber at 1.15 and 2 atm abs oxygen. J Hyperb Med. 1990; 5: 223–229.
Dowd GSE, Linge K, Bentley G. Measurement of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in normal and ischaemic skin. J Bone Joint Surg. 1983; 65: 79–83.
Evans NTS, Naylor PFD. The systemic oxygen supply to the surface of the human skin. Respir Physiol. 1967; 3: 21–37.
Hauser CJ, Shoemaker WC. Use of a transcutaneous PO2 regional perfusion index to quantify tissue perfusion in peripheral vascular disease. Ann Surg. 1983; 197: 337–343.
Wattel F, Mathieu D, Fossati F, Neviere R, Coget JM. Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of diabetic foot. Undersea Biomed Res. 1990; 17(Suppl): 160–161.
Mathieu D, Neviere R, Pellerin P, Patenotre P, Wattel F. Pedicle skin flap. prediction of outcome by transcutaneous oxygen measurements in hyperbaric oxygen. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993; 91: 329–334.
European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine. Recommendation of the 7th European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine. European J. Underwater Hyp Med 2005, 6: 29–40.
European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine. Recommendation of the first European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine In Marroni A., Mathieu D., Wattel F (eds). The ECHM collection, volume 1, Best publishing company, Flagstaff, 2005, I133–I142.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mathieu, D., Linke, JC., Wattel, F. (2006). Non-Healing Wounds. In: Mathieu, D. (eds) Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4448-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4448-8_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4376-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4448-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)