Abstract
The object of this paper is to present 10 major premises serving as a holistic conception for research on multifunctional landscapes (MFLs). Such a theory should become an integral part of the conceptual foundation of transdisciplinary goal-oriented and mission-driven landscape research. Based on a dynamic systems view, emerging from the recent paradigm shifts and insights from findings on complexity and wholeness, MFLs should be conceived as tangible, mixed natural and cultural interacting systems. They are the concrete, self-transcendent and self-organizing Gestalt systems of our total human ecosystem. Ranging from the smallest mappable ecotope to the global ecosphere landscape, they should be studied, upscaled, managed and evaluated with a biperspectivable systems view. For this purpose MFLs have to be treated simultaneously as products of material, natural biogeophysical systems and as mental, cognitive noospheric systems. This can be achieved with the help of innovative transdisciplinary approaches and research methods, in close cooperation among landscape researchers from natural sciences, social sciences, the humanities and the arts, as well as the professionals involved in all phases of land use decision. By adopting such a transdisciplinary and integrative approach towards the landscape as a whole, landscape ecologists could take part in such joint studies and projects, not only as narrow specialists in their own field of expertise as ecologists or geographers. They could help bridge the gaps between all biological and human ecological aspects, related to land use. Thereby they could play a useful role in ensuring the future of healthy, attractive and stable MFLs as part of the creation of post-industrial symbiotic relations between human society and nature. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen TF, Hoekstra TW (1992) Toward a Unified Ecology. Columbia University Press, New York.
Allesch CG (1990) The space of landscape and the space of geography. In: Svoboda H (ed.), Cultural Aspects of Landscape. Pudoc, Wageningen, pp 17–23.
Antrop M, Van Eetvelde V (2000) Holistic aspects of suburban landscapes: visual image interpretation and landscape metrics. Landscape Urban Plann. 50, 43–58.
Bohm D (1980) Wholeness and the Implicate Order. Routledge and Kegan, London.
Bohm D, Peat DF (1987) Science, Order, and Creativity. A Dramatic Look at the Roots of Science and Life. Bantam Books, New York.
Bright C (2000) Anticipating environmental surprises. In: Brown LR, Flavin C, French H (eds), State of the World 2000. A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. Norton & Company, New York, pp 22–38.
Brown LR, 1996. The acceleration of history. In: Brown LR et al. (eds), State of the World 1996. A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. Norton & Company, New York, pp 9–26.
Brown LR, Flavin C, French H (eds), 1999. State of the World 1999. A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. Norton & Company, New York.
Capra F (1996) The Web of Life. A New Understanding of Living Systems. Anchor Books Doubleday, New York.
Di Castri F (1997) Editorial: landscape ecology in a changing globalized environment. Landscape Ecol. 12, 3–5.
Frankl VE (1969) Reductionism and nihilism. In: Koestler A, Smithies JR (eds), Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences. Hutchinson of London, London, pp 396–408.
Grossmann WD (2000) Realizing sustainable development with the information society—the holistic double-gain-link approach. Landscape Urban Plann. 50, 179–193.
Grossmann WD, Naveh Z (2000) Transdisciplinary challenges for regional sustainable development toward the post-industrial information society. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics, Vienna, 3–6 May, pp 1–3.
Holling J (1996) Surprise for science, resilience for ecosystems and incentives for people. Ecol. Appl. 6, 733–735.
Holling J, Berkes CS, Folke FC (1999) Science, sustainability and resources management. In: Berkes F, Folke C, Colding J (eds), Linking Social and Ecological Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
IALE Mission (1998) IALE Mission statement. IALE Bull. 16, 1–3.
Jantsch E (1970) Inter- and transdisciplinarity university: a systems approach to education and innovation. Policy Sci. 1, 403–428.
Jantsch E (1976) Self-transcendence: new light on the evolutionary paradigm. In: Jantsch E Waddington CW (eds), Evolution and Consciousness: Human Systems in Transition. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, pp 9–10.
Jantsch E (1980) The Self-Organizing Universe. Scientific and Human Implications of the Emerging Paradigm of Evolution. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Koestler A (1969) Beyond atomism and holism—the concept of the holon. In: Koestler A, Smithies JR (eds), Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences. Hutchinson of London, London, pp 192–216.
Kuhn TS (1996) The Structure of the Scientific Revolution, 3rd Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Laszlo E (1972) Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Harper Torchbooks, New York.
Laszlo E (1987) Evolution: The Grand Synthesis. New Science Library, Shambhala, Boston.
Laszlo E (1994) The Choice: Evolution or Extinction. A Thinking Person’s Guide to Global Issues. Putnam, New York.
Laszlo E (2000) Macroshift 2001–2010. Creating the Future in the Early 21st Century. San Jose, NY.
Leser H (1991) Landschaftsoekologie. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
Levin SA (1999). Towards a science of ecological management. Conserv. Ecol. 3, 6–9.
Li B-L (2000a) Why is the holistic approach becoming so important in landscape ecology? Landscape Urban Plann. 50, 27–47.
Li BL (2000b) Fractal geometry applications in description and analysis of patch patterns and patch dynamics. Ecol. Model. 132, 353–361.
Lyle JT (1994) Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development. Wiley, New York.
MOSES (2000) Modeling Sustainable Development in the European Information Society (MOSES). EU Programme Environment and Climate 1994–1998, Area 4. Human Dimensions and Environmental Change, Brussels.
Nassauer JI (1990) In: Svoboda H (ed.), Cultural Aspects of Landscape. Proceedings of the Statements at the Closing Session of the First International Conference on Cultural Aspects of Landscape. Pudoc, Wageningen, p 173.
Naveh Z (1982) Landscape Ecology as an Emerging Branch of Human Ecosystem Science. Academic Press, London. Adv. Ecol. Res. 12, 189–237.
Naveh Z (1990) Landscape ecology as a bridge between bio-ecology and human ecology. In: Svobodova H (ed.), Cultural Aspects of Landscape. Pudoc, Wageningen, pp 45–58.
Naveh Z (1991b) Biodiversity and ecological heterogeneity of Mediterranean uplands. Economica Montana: Linea Ecologica 24, 47–60.
Naveh Z (1995a) Transdisciplinary landscape-ecological education and the future of post-industrial landscapes. Bolletino del Museo dir Store Naturale della Linigiana, 9. Supplemento, Allau, pp 13–26.
Naveh Z (1995b) Interactions of landscapes and cultures. Landscape Urban Plann. 32, 43–54.
Naveh Z (1998) Culture and landscape conservation—a landscape ecological perspective. In: Gopal B, Pathak PS, Saxena KG (eds), Ecology Today: An Anthology of Contemporary Ecological Research. International Scientific Publications, New Delhi, pp 19–48.
Naveh Z (2000a) Transdisciplinary challenges for education towards regional development. In: Braunegg S, Narodoslawsky M (eds), Proceedings of Conference on Higher Education for Sustainable Regional Development. SUSTAIN, Graz, pp. 42–71.
Naveh Z (2000b) What is holistic landscape ecology? A conceptual introduction. Landscape Urban Plann. 50, 7–26.
Naveh Z (2001) Multifunctional, self-organizing biosphere landscapes and the future of our total human ecosystem—a new paradigm for transdisciplinary landscape ecology, World Futures 60: 469–503.
Naveh Z, Lieberman AS (1994) Landscape Ecology Theory and Applications, 2nd Edition. Springer, New York.
O’Neill RV, Kahn JR (2000) Homo economus as a keystone species. BioScience 50, 333–338.
Orr DW (1992) Ecological Literacy. Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World. State University of New York Press, New York.
Pankow W (1976) Openness as self-transcendence. In: Jantsch E, Waddington CW (eds), Evolution and Consciousness: Human Systems in Transition. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, pp 16–36.
Peat DF (1997) Infinite Potential. The Life and Times of David Bohm. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Pimentel D (1992) Conserving biological diversity in agricultural systems. BioScience 42, 354–362.
Prigogine I (1976) Order through fluctuations: self-organization and social systems. In: Jantsch E, Waddington CW (eds), Evolution and Consciousness: Human Systems in Transition. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, pp 93–130.
Prigogine I, Stengers I (1984) Order out of Chaos. Man’s Dialogue with Nature. New Science Library, Shamabala, Boston.
Sieferle RP (1997) Rückblick auf die Natur. Eine Geschichte des Menschen und seiner Umwelt. Luchterhand Literaturverlag, München.
Simon HA (1962) The architecture of complexity. In: Hierarchy Theory. George Braziller, New York, pp 3–27. Proc. Philos. Soc. 106, 467–482.
Smith MJ (1998) Ecologism Towards Ecological Citizenship. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM (1997) Human domination of Earth’s systems. Science 277, 494–499.
Weinberg GM (1975) Introduction to General Systems Thinking. Wiley, New York.
Weiss PA (1969) The living system: determinism stratified. In: Koestler A, Smithies JR (eds), Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences. Hutchinson of London, London, pp 3–55.
WLO (1998) A new identity for landscape ecology in Europe. A research strategy for the next decade: outlines formulated at the European congress. Landscape ecology: things to do, Amsterdam, 6–10 October. The Dutch Association of Landscape Ecology, Wageningen.
Zonneveld I (1995) Land Ecology. An Introduction to Landscape Ecology as a Base for Land Evaluation, Land Management and Conservation. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam.
Zev Naveh (1919), PhD, is Professor Emeritus in landscape ecology at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa. Until 1965 he worked as range and pasture specialist in Israel and in Tanzania. His research at the Technion was devoted to human impacts on Mediterranean landscapes, fire ecology and dynamic conservation management, introduction of drought resistant plants for multibeneficial landscape restoration and beautification. Presently he is involved chiefly in studying theoretical aspects of holistic landscape ecology and sustainable development for the information society. He was the founder and director of the Ecological Garden of the Technion and the cofounder and scientific director of the first Environmental Teaching Project in Israel, and the head of a IUCN working group for landscape conservation. He has been visiting professor and guest lecturer in many universities and keynote speaker in international conferences and is member of the editorial board of Landscape Ecology, Restoration Ecology and Mediterranean Ecology. Professor Naveh has published over 200 scientific publications and is author and co-author of several Hebrew and English books, including the first English monography on landscape ecology.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Naveh, Z. (2007). Ten Major Premises for a Holistic Conception of Multifunctional Landscapes Landscape and Urban Planning 57: 269–284. In: Transdisciplinary Challenges in Landscape Ecology and Restoration Ecology. Landscape Series, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4422-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4422-4_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4420-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4422-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)