Skip to main content

Glioblastoma Cell Motility: The Role of FAK and Cellular SRC

  • Chapter
  • 715 Accesses

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 8))

Abstract

Understanding the signaling events that promote glioblastoma tumor cell motility is crucial, as invasion of these tumors into the normal brain contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with these tumors. Also, the molecular mechanisms that promote glioblastoma cell motility/migration likely also promote invasion. Here we discuss the role of two non-receptor tyrosine kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cellular Src, in promoting glioblastoma cell motility/migration. We discuss the activation of FAK, the elevated levels of FAK protein found in these tumors, the domains in FAK that are necessary for it to promote cell motility/migration, and studies dissecting FAK function in glioblastoma tumors. We also discuss data indicating Src family members have specific functions and the role of Lyn in promoting glioblastoma cell migration. FAK and cellular Src could be important new targets for glioblastoma therapy.

co-first authors

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Louis DN, Holland EC, Cairncross JF. Glioma Classification: A Molecular Reappraisal. Am. J. Pathol. 2001, 159: 779–786.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kleihues P, Sobin LH. World Health Organization classification of tumors. Cancer 2000, 88: 2887.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kleihues P, P Ohgaki H, H. Primary and secondary glioblastomas: from concept to clinical diagnosis. Neuro-oncol. 1999, 1: 44–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Holland EC. Gliomagenesis: genetic alterations and mouse models. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2001, 2: 120–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hermanson M, Funa K, Koopmann J, Maintz D, Waha A, Westermark B, Heldin CH, Wiestler OD, Louis DN, von Deimling A, Nister M. Association of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p with high platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor expression in human malignant gliomas. Cancer Res. 1996, 56: 164–171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Watanabe K, Tachibana O, Sata K, Yonekawa Y, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H. Overexpression of the EGF receptor and p53 mutations are mutually exclusive in the evolution of primary and secondary glioblastomas. Brain Pathol. 1996, 6: 217–223, discussion 23-4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bogler HJ, Huang P, Kleihues, Cavenee WK. The p53 gene and its role in human brain tumors. Glia. 1995, 15: 308–327.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chattopadhyay P, Rathore A, Mathur M, Sarkar C, Mahapatra AK, Sinha S. Loss of heterozygosity of a locus on 17p13.3, independent of p53, is associated with higher grades of astrocytic tumours. Oncogene 1997, 15: 871–874.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Biernat W, Kleihues P, Yonekawa Y, Ohgaki H. Amplification and overexpression of MDM2 in primary (de novo) glioblastomas. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1997, 56: 180–185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Reifenberger G, Liu L, Ichimura K, Schmidt EE, Collins VP. Amplification and overexpression of the MDM2 gene in a subset of human malignant gliomas without p53 mutations. Cancer Res. 1993, 53: 2736–2739.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Yarbrough WG. ARF promotes MDM2 degradation and stabilizes p53: ARF-INK4a locus deletion impairs both the Rb and p53 tumor suppression pathways. Cell 1998, 92: 725–734.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Louis DN, von Deimling A, Chung RY, Rubio MP, Whaley JM, Eibl RH, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Thor AD, Seizinger BR. Comparative study of p53 gene and protein alterations in human astrocytic tumors. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1993, 52: 31–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. He J, Allen JR, Collins VP, Allalunis-Turner MJ, Godbout R, Day, 3rd RS, James CD. CDK4 amplification is an alternative mechanism to p16 gene homozygous deletion in glioma cell lines. Cancer Res. 1994, 54: 5804–5807.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hayashi Y, Ueki K, Waha A, Wiestler OD, Louis DN, von Deimling A. Association of EGFR gene amplification and CDKN2 (p16/MTS1) gene deletion in glioblastoma multiforme. Brain Pathol. 1997, 7: 871–875.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ono Y, Tamiya T, Ichikawa T, Kunishio K, Matsumoto K, Furuta T, Ohmoto T, Ueki K, Louis DN. Malignant astrocytomas with homozygous CDKN2/p16 gene deletions have higher Ki-67 proliferation indices. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1996, 55: 1026–1031.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ivanchuk SM, Mondal S, Dirks PB, Rutka JT. The INK4A/ARF locus: role in cell cycle control and apoptosis and implications for glioma growth. J. Neurooncol. 2001, 51: 219–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rutka JT, Akiyama Y, Lee SP, Ivanchuk S, Tsugu A, Hamel PA. Alterations of the p53 and pRB pathways in human astrocytoma. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2000, 17: 65–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Maher EA, Furnari FB, Bachoo RM, Rowitch DH, Louis DN, Cavenee WK, DePinho RA. Malignant glioma: genetics and biology of a grave matter. Genes Dev. 2001, 15: 1311–1333.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Uhrbom L, Hesselager G, Nister M, Westermark B. Induction of brain tumors in mice using a recombinant platelet-derived growth factor B-chain retrovirus. Cancer Res. 1998, 58: 5275–5279.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hermansson M, Nister M, Betsholtz C, Heldin CH, Westermark B, Funa K. Endothelial cell hyperplasia in human glioblastoma: coexpression of mRNA for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain and PDGF receptor suggests autocrine growth stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988, 85: 7748–7752.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Guha A, Dashner K, Black PM, Wagner JA, Stiles CD. Expression of PDGF and PDGF receptors in human astrocytoma operation specimens supports the existence of an autocrine loop. Int. J. Cancer 1995, 60: 168–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bigner AH, Humphrey PA, Wong AJ, Vogelstein B, Mark J, Friedman HS, Bigner DD. Characterization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human glioma cell lines and xenografts. Cancer Res. 1990, 50: 8017–8022.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Libermann TA, Nusbaum HR, Razon N, Kris R, Lax I, Soreq H, Whittle N, Waterfield MD, Ullrich A, Schlessinger J. Amplification, enhanced expression and possible rearrangement of EGF receptor gene in primary human brain tumours of glial origin. Nature 1985, 313: 144–147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu KJ, Chen CT, Hu WS, Hung YM, Hsu CY, Chuang BF, Juang SH. Expression of cytoplasmic-domain substituted epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits tumorigenicity of EGFR-overexpressed human glioblastoma multiforme. Int. J. Oncol. 2004, 24: 581–590.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Giancotti FG, Ruoslahti E. Integrin signaling. Science 1999, 285: 1028–1032. Review.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Clark EA, Brugge JS. Integrins and signal transduction pathways: the road taken. Science 1995, 268: 233–239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Schwartz MA, Schaller MD, Ginsberg MH. Integrins: emerging paradigms of signal transduction. Ann. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 1995, 11: 549–599.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hynes RO. Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell 2002, 110: 673–687.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Uhm JH, Gladson CL, Rao JS. The role of integrins in the malignant phenotype of gliomas. Front Biosci. 1999, 4: D188–199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Gladson CL, Cheresh DA. Glioblastoma expression of vitronectin and the alpha v beta 3 integrin. Adhesion mechanism for transformed glial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1991, 88: 1924–1932.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gladson CL, Wilcox JN, Sanders L, Gillespie GY, Cheresh DA. Cerebral microenvironment influences expression of the vitronectin gene in astrocytic tumors. J. Cell Sci. 1995, 108: 947–956.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Friedlander DR, Zagzag D, Shiff B, Cohen H, Allen JC, Kelly PJ, Grumet M. Migration of brain tumor cells on extracellular matrix proteins in vitro correlates with tumor type and grade and involves alphaV and beta1 integrins. Cancer Res. 1996, 56: 1939–1947.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gingras MC, Roussel E, Bruner JM, Branch CD, Moser RP. Comparison of cell adhesion molecule expression between glioblastoma multiforme and autologous normal brain tissue. J. Neuroimmunol. 1995, 57: 143–153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim MO, Yun SJ, Kim IS, Sohn S, Lee EH. Transforming growth factor-beta-inducible gene-h3 (beta(ig)-h3) promotes cell adhesion of human astrocytoma cells in vitro: implication of alpha6beta4 integrin. Neurosci. Lett. 2003, 336: 93–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Giese A, Loo MA, Norman SA, Treasurywala S, Berens ME. Contrasting migratory response of astrocytoma cells to tenascin mediated by different integrins. J. Cell Sci. 1996, 109: 2161–2168.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Paulus W, Baur I, Schuppan D, Roggendorf W. Characterization of integrin receptors in normal and neoplastic human brain. Am. J. Pathol. 1993, 143: 154–163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Deryugina EI, Bourdon MA. Tenascin mediates human glioma cell migration and modulates cell migration on fibronectin. J. Cell Sci. 1996, 109: 643–652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ding Q, Stewart J Jr, Prince CW, Chang PL, Trikha M, Han X, Grammer JR, Gladson CL. Promotion of malignant astrocytoma cell migration by osteopontin expressed in the normal brain: differences in integrin signaling during cell adhesion to osteopontin versus vitronectin. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 5336–5343.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rooprai HK, Vanmeter T, Panou C, Schnull S, Trillo-Pazos G, Davies D, Pilkington GJ. The role of integrin receptors in aspects of glioma invasion in vitro. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 1999, 17: 613–623.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Merzak A, Koocheckpour S, Pilkington GJ. CD44 mediates human glioma cell adhesion and invasion in vitro. Cancer Res. 1994, 54: 3988–3992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Simon DI, Wei Y, Zhang L, Rao NK, Xu H, Chen Z, Liu Q, Rosenberg S, Chapman HA. Identification of a urokinase receptor-integrin interaction site. Promiscuous regulator of integrin function. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275: 10228–10234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kohno M, Hasegawa H, Miyake M, Yamamoto T, Fujita S. CD151 enhances cell motility and metastasis of cancer cells in the presence of focal adhesion kinase. Int. J. Cancer 2002, 97: 336–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jones G, Machado J. Jr, Merlo A. Loss of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent migration and induces aggregation of NH2-terminal FAK in the nuclei of apoptotic glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 2001, 61: 4978–4981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ding Q, Stewart J. Jr, Olman MA, Klobe MR, Gladson CL. The pattern of enhancement of Src kinase activity on platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of glioblastoma cells is affected by the integrin engaged. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278: 39882–39891.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sieg DJ, Hauck CR, Ilic D, Klingbeil CL, Schaefer E, Damsky CH, Schlaepfer DD. FAK integrates growth-factor and integrin signals to promote cell migration. Nat. Cell Biol. 2000, 2: 249–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Baron W, Shattil SJ, ffrench-Constant C. The oligodendrocyte precursor mitogen PDGF stimulates proliferation by activation of alpha(v)beta3 integrins. Embo. J. 2002, 21: 1957–1966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Schneller M, Vuori K, Ruoslahti E. Alpha(v)beta3 integrin associates with activated insulin and PDGFbeta receptors and potentiates the biological activity of PDGF. Embo. J. 1997, 16: 5600–5607.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Woodward AS, Garcia-Cardena G, Leong M, Madri JA, Sessa WC, Languino LR. The synergistic activity of alphavbeta3 integrin and PDGF receptor increases cell migration. J. Cell Sci. 1998, 111: 469–478.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Soldi R, Mitola S, Strasly M, Defilippi P, Tarone G, Bussolino F. Role of alphavbeta3 integrin in the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Embo. J. 1999, 18: 882–892.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Maile LA, Clemmons DR. The alphaVbeta3 integrin regulates insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor phosphorylation by altering the rate of recruitment of the Src-homology 2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase-2 to the activated IGF-I receptor. Endocrinology 2002, 143: 4259–4264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lee JW, Juliano RL. The alpha5beta1 integrin selectively enhances epidermal growth factor signaling to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway in intestinal epithelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2002, 1542: 23–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Borges E, Jan Y, Ruoslahti E. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 bind to the beta 3 integrin through its extracellular domain. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275: 39867–39873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Cary LA, Chang JF, Guan JL. Stimulation of cell migration by overexpression of focal adhesion kinase and its association with Src and Fyn. J. Cell Sci. 1996, 108: 1787–1794.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gilmore AP, Romer LH. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling in focal adhesions decreases cell motility and proliferation. Mol. Biol. Cell 1996, 7: 1209–1224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Schlaepfer DD, Mitra SK, Ilic D. Control of motile and invasive cell phenotypes by focal adhesion kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2004, Jul 5;1692: 77–102.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hauck CR, Hsia DA, Schlaepfer DD. FAK facilitates PDGF-BB stimulated ERK2 activation required for chemotaxis migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275: 41092–41099.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Cooper LA, Shen TL, Guan JL. Regulation of focal adhesion kinase by its aminoterminal domain through an autoinhibitory interaction. Mol. Cell Biol. 2003, 23: 8030–8041.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Dunty JM, Gabarra-Niecko V, King ML, Ceccarelli DF, Eck MJ, Schaller MD. FERM domain interaction promotes FAK signaling. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004, 24: 5353–5368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Polte TR, Hanks SK. Interaction between focal adhesion kinase and Crk-associated tyrosine kinase substrate p130Cas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92: 10678–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. O’Neill GM, Fashena SJ, Golemis EA. Integrin signalling: a new Cas(t) of characters enters the stage. Trends Cell Biol. 2000, 10: 111–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hildebrand JD, Schaller MD, Parsons JT. Paxillin, a tyrosine phosphorylated focal adhesion-associated protein binds to the carboxyl terminal domain of focal adhesion kinase. Mol. Biol. Cell 1995, 6: 637–647.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Chen HC, Appeddu PA, Parsons JT, Hildebrand JD, Schaller MD, Guan JL. Interaction of focal adhesion kinase with the cytoskeletal protein talin. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270: 16995–16999.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Shen Y, Schaller MD. Focal adhesion targeting: the critical determinant of FAK regulation and substrate phosphorylation. Mol. Biol. Cell 1999, 10: 2507–2518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Schaller MD, Borgman CA, Parsons JT. Autonomous expression of a noncatalytic domain of the focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase pp125FAK. Mol. Cell Biol. 1993, 13: 785–791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Guan JL, Shalloway D. Regulation of focal adhesion-associate protein tyrosine kinase by both cellular adhesion and oncogenic transformation. Nature 1992, 358: 690–692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Guan JL, Trevithick JE, Hynes RO. Fibronectin/integrin interaction induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 120 kDa protein. Cell Regulation 1991, 2: 951–964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kornberg LJ, Earp HS, Parsons JT, Schaller M, Juliano RL. Cell adhesion or integrin clustering increases phosphorylation of a focal adhesion-associated tyrosine kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267: 23439–23442.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hanks SK, Ryzhova L, Shin NY, Brabek J. Focal adhesion kinase signaling activities and their implications in the control of cell survival and motility. Front Biosci. 2003, 8: d982–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Hecker TP, Grammer JR, Gillespie GY, Stewart J, Jr, Gladson CL. Focal adhesion kinase enhances signaling through the Shc/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in anaplastic astrocytoma tumor biopsy samples. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 2699–2707.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Owen JD, Ruest PJ, Fry DW, Hanks SK. Induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression in FAK-null cells enhances cell spreading and migration requiring both auto-and activation loop phosphorylation sites and inhibits adhesion-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2. Mol. Cell Biol. 1999, 19: 4806–4818.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Lim Y, Han I, Jeon J, Park H, Bahk YY, Oh ES. Phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at tyrosine 861 is crucial for ras transformation of fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279: 29060–29065. Epub 2004 May 03.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Schlaepfer DD, Hunter T. Focal adhesion kinase overexpression enhances ras-dependent integrin signaling to ERK2/mitogen-activated protein kinase through interactions with and activation of c-Src. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272: 13189–13195.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Wang D, Grammer R, Cobbs CS, Stewart JE, Jr, Liu Z, Rhoden R, Hecker TP, Ding Q, Gladson CL. p125 focal adhesion kinase promotes malignant astrocytoma cell proliferation in vivo. J. Cell Sci. 2000, 113: 4221–4230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Jones G, Machado J, Jr, Tolnay M, Merlo A. PTEN-independent induction of caspase-mediated cell death and reduced invasion by the focal adhesion targeting domain (FAT) in human astrocytic brain tumors which highly express focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Cancer Res. 2001, 61: 5688–5691.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Rutka JT, Muller M, Hubbard SL, Forsdike J, Dirks PB, Jung S, Tsugu A, Ivanchuk S, Costello P, Mondal S, Ackerley C, Becker LE. Astrocytoma adhesion to extracellular matrix: functional significance of integrin and focal adhesion kinase expression. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1999, 58: 198–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Zagzag D, Friedlander DR, Margolis B, Grumet M, Semenza GL, Zhong H, Simons JW, Holash J, Wiegand SJ, Yancopoulos GD. Molecular events implicated in brain tumor angiogenesis and invasion. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 2000, 33: 49–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Sieg DJ, Hauck CR, Ilic D, Klingbeil CK, Schaefer E, Damsky CH, Schlaepfer DD. FAK integrates growth-factor and integrin signals to promote cell migration. Nat. Cell Biol. 2000, 2: 249–256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Cary LA, Chang JF, Guan JL. Stimulation of cell migration by overexpression of focal adhesion kinase and its association with Src and Fyn. J. Cell Sci. 1996, 109: 1787–1794.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Schlaepfer DD, Hauck CR, Sieg DJ. Signaling through focal adhesion kinase. Biophy. Mol. Bio. 1999, 71: 435–478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Hauck CR, Sieg DJ, Hsia DA, Loftus JC, Gaarde WA, Monia BP, Schlaepfer DD. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase expression or activity disrupts epidermal growth factor-stimulated signaling promoting the migration of invasive human carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2001, 61: 7079–7090.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Ilic D, Furuta Y, Kanazawa S, Takeda N, Sobue K, Nakatsuji N, Nomura S, Fujimoto J, Okada M, Yamamoto T. Reduced cell motility and enhanced focal adhesion contact formation in cells from FAK-deficient mice. Nature 1995, 377: 539–544.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Ilic D, Kanazawa S, Furuta Y, Yamamoto T, Aizawa S. Impairment of mobility in endodermal cells by FAK deficiency. Exp. Cell Res. 1996, 222: 298–303.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Dourdin N, Bhatt AK, Dutt P, Greer PA, Arthur JS, Elce JS, Huttenlocher A. Reduced cell migration and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in calpain-deficient embryonic fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276: 48382–48388. Epub 2001 Oct 15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Carragher NO, Westhoff MA, Fincham VJ, Schaller MD, Frame MC. A novel role for FAK as a protease-targeting adaptor protein: regulation by p42 ERK and Src. Curr. Biol. 2003, 13: 1442–1450.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. O’Halloran T, Beckerle MC, Burridge K. Identification of talin as a major cytoplasmic protein implicated in platelet activation. Nature 1985, 317: 449–451.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Carragher NO, Fonseca BD, Frame MC. Calpain activity is generally elevated during transformation but has oncogene-specific biological functions. Neoplasia. 2004, 6: 53–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Webb DJ, Donais K, Whitmore LA, Thomas SM, Turner CE, Parsons JT, Horwitz AF. FAK-Src signalling through paxillin, ERK and MLCK regulates adhesion disassembly. Nat. Cell Biol. 2004, 6: 154–161. Epub 2004 Jan 25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Cary LA, Han DC, Polte TR, Hanks SK, Guan JL. Identification of p130Cas as a mediator of focal adhesion kinase-promoted cell migration. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 140:211–221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Kiyaokawa E, Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi S, Sugimura H, Kurata T, Matsuda M. Activation of Rac1 by a Crk SH3-binding protein, DOCK180. Genes Devel. 1998, 12:3331–3336.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Wick W, Wick A, Schulz JB, Dichgans J, Rodemann HP, Weller M. Prevention of irradiation-induced glioma cell invasion by temozolomide involves caspase 3 activity and cleavage of focal adhesion kinase. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 1915–1919.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Giannone G, Ronde P, Gaire M, Haiech J, Takeda K. Calcium oscillatins trigger focal adhesion disassembly in human U-87 astrocytoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:26364–26371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Giannone G, Ronde P, Gaire M, Beaudouin J, Haiech J, Ellenberg J, Takeda K. Calcium rises locally trigger focal adhesion disassembly and enhance residency of focal adhesion kinase at focal adhesions. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279: 28715–28723. Epub 2004 Apr 21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ray SK, Patel SJ, Welsh CT, Wilford GG, Hogan EL, Banik NL. Molecular evidence of apoptic death in malignant brain tumors including glioblastoma multiforme: upregulation of calpain and caspase-3. J. Neurosci. Res. 2002, 69: 197–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Zagzag D, Nomura M, Friedlander DR, Blanco CY, Gagner JP, Nomura N, Newcomb EW. Geldanamycin inhibits migration of glioma cells in vitro: a potential role for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha) in glioma cell invasion. J. Cell Physiol. 2003, 196: 394–402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Ling J, Liu Z, Wang D, Gladson CL. Malignant astrocytoma cell attachment and migration to various matrix proteins is differentially sensitive to phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase inhibitors. J. Cell Biochem. 1999, 73: 533–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Brader S, Eccles SA. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathways in tumor progression, invasion and angiogenesis. Tumori. 2004, 90: 2–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Lipinski CA, Tran NL, Bay C, Kloss J, McDonough WS, Beaudry C, Berens ME, Loftus JC. Differential role of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 and focal adhesion kinase in determining glioblastoma migration and proliferation. Mol. Cancer Res. 2003, 1:323–332.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Sarcevic B. Angiogenesis in malignant tumors. Acta. Med. Croatica 2001, 55: 187–190.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Haskell H, Natarajan M, Hecker TP, Ding Q, Stewart J, Jr, Grammer R, Gladson CL. Focal adhesion kinase is expressed in the angiogenic blood vessels of malignant astrocytic tumors in vivo and promotes capillary tube formation of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003, 9: 2157–2165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ilic D, Kovacic B, Johkura K, Schlaepfer DD, Tomasevic N, Han Q, Kim JB, Howerton K, Baumbusch C, Ogiwara N, Streblow DN, Nelson JA, Dazin P, Shino Y, Sasaki K, Damsky CH. FAK promotes organization of fibronectin matrix and fibrillar adhesions. J. Cell Sci. 2004, 117: 177–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Ilic D, Kovacic B, McDonagh S, Jin F, Baumbusch C, Gardner DG, Damsky CH. Focal adhesion kinase is required for blood vessel morphogenesis. Circ. Res. 2003, 92:300–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Thomas SM, Brugge JS. Cellular functions regulated by Src family kinases. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 1997, 13: 513–609.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Brown MT, Cooper JA. Regulation, substrates and functions of src. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1996, 1287: 121–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Wolf RM, Wilkes JJ, Chao MV, Resh MD. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p190 RhoGAP by Fyn regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation. J. Neurobiol. 2001, 49: 62–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Berwanger B, Hartmann O, Bergmann E, Bernard S, Nielsen D, Krause M, Kartal A, Flynn D, Wiedemeyer R, Schwab M, Schafer H, Christiansen H, Eilers M. Loss of a FYN-regulated differentiation and growth arrest pathway in advanced stage neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell 2002, 2: 377–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Mariotti A, Kedeshian PA, Dans M, Curatola AM, Gagnoux-Palacios L, Giancotti FG. EGF-R signaling through Fyn kinase disrupts the function of integrin alpha6beta4 at hemidesmosomes: role in epithelial cell migration and carcinoma invasion. J. Cell Biol. 2001, 155: 447–458.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Kralisz U, Cierniewski CS. Association of pp60c-src with alpha IIb beta 3 in resting platelets. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 1998, 45: 735–743.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Briddon SJ, Watson SP. Evidence for the involvement of p59fyn and p53/56lyn in collagen receptor signaling in human platelets. Biochem. J. 1999, 338: 203–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Vines CM, Potter JW, Xu Y, Geahlen RL, Costello PS, Tybulewicz VL, Lowell CA, Chang PW, Gresham HD, Willman CL. Inhibition of beta 2 integrin receptor and Syk kinase signaling in monocytes by the Src family kinase Fgr. Immunity 2001, 15: 507–519.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Klinghoffer RA, Sachsenmaier C, Cooper JA, Soriano P. Src family kinases are required for integrin but not PDGFR signal transduction. EMBO J. 1999, 18: 2459–2471.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Hall CL, Lange LA, Prober DA, Zhang S, Turley EA. pp60(c-src) is required for cell locomotion regulated by the hyaluronanreceptor RHAMM. Oncogene 1996, 13: 2213–2224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Lowell CA, Soriano P. Knockouts of Src-family kinases: stiff bones, wimpy T cells, and bad memories. Genes. Dev. 1996, 10: 1845–1857.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Seo S, Buckler J, Erikson J. Novel roles for Lyn in B cell migration and lipopolysaccharide responsiveness revealed using anti-double-stranded DNA Ig transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 2001, 166: 3710–3716.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Suzuki T, Shoji S, Yamamoto K, Nada S, Okada M, Yamamoto T, Honda Z. Essential roles of Lyn in fibronectin-mediated filamentous actin assembly and cell motility in mast cells. J. Immunol. 1998, 161: 3694–3701.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Stettner MR, Wang W, Nabors LB, Bharara S, Flynn DC, Grammer JR, Gillespie GY Gladson CL. Lyn kinase activity is the predominant cellular Src kinase activity in glioblastoma tumor cells. Cancer Res. (in press, July). 2005.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stettner, M.R., Natarajan, M., Gladson, C.L. (2006). Glioblastoma Cell Motility: The Role of FAK and Cellular SRC. In: Wells, A. (eds) Cell Motility in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4009-1_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics