Abstract
The Cassini RADAR instrument is a multimode 13.8 GHz multiple-beam sensor that can operate as a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imager, altimeter, scatterometer, and radiometer. The principal objective of the RADAR is to map the surface of Titan. This will be done in the imaging, scatterometer, and radiometer modes. The RADAR altimeter data will provide information on relative elevations in selected areas. Surfaces of the Saturn’s icy satellites will be explored utilizing the RADAR radiometer and scatterometer modes. Saturn’s atmosphere and rings will be probed in the radiometer mode only. The instrument is a joint development by JPL/NASA and ASI. The RADAR design features significant autonomy and data compression capabilities. It is expected that the instrument will detect surfaces with backscatter coefficient as low as −40 dB.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allison, M., Godfrey, D. A., and Beebe, R. F.: 1990, ‘A wave dynamical interpretation of Saturn’s polar hexagon’, Science 247, 1061–1063.
Allison, M., Del Genio, A. D., and Zhou, W.: 1995, ‘Richardson number constraints for the Jupiter and outer planet wind regime’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2957–2960.
Caldwell, J., Cunningham, C. C., Anthony, D., White, P. H., Groth, E. J., Hassan, H., et al.: 1992, ‘Titan: Evidence for seasonal change—a comparison of Hubble Space Telescope and Voyager images’, Icarus 96, 1–9.
Campbell, D. B., Head, J. W., Harmon, J. K., and Hine, A. A.: 1983, ‘Venus: Identification of banded terrain in the mountains of Ishtar Terra’, Science 221, 644–647.
Downs, G. S., Reichley, P. E., and Green, R. R.: 1975, ‘Radar measurements of Martian topography and surface properties: The 1971 and 1973 oppositions’, Icarus 26, 273–312.
Dubouloz, N., Raulin, F., Lellouch, E., and Gautier, D.: 1989, ‘Titan’s hypothesized ocean properties: The influence of surface temperature and atmospheric composition uncertainties’, Icarus 82, 81–96
Elachi, C.: 1987, Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing, New York: Wiley.
Elachi, C.: 1988, Spaceborne Radar Remote Sensing: Applications and Techniques, New York: IEEE Press.
Elachi, C., Im, E, Roth, L. E., and Werner, C. L.: 1991, ‘Cassini Titan Radar Mapper’, Proc. IEEE 79, 867–880.
Engel, S., Lunine, J. I., and Hartmann, W. K.: 1995, ‘Cratering on Titan and implications for Titan’s atmospheric history’, Planet. Space Sci. 43, 1059–1066.
Ford, P G., and Pettengill, G. H.: 1992, ‘Venus topography and kilometer-scale slopes’, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 13,103–13,114.
Griffith, C. A.: 1993, ‘Evidence for surface heterogeneity on Titan’, Nature 364, 511–514.
Griffith, C. A., Owen, T., and Wagener, R.: 1991, ‘Titan’s surface and troposphere, investigated with ground-based, near-infrared observation’, Icarus 93, 362–378.
Grossman, A. W.: 1990, ‘Microwave imaging of Saturn’s deep atmosphere and rings’, Doctoral Dissertation, California Institute of Technology.
Grossman, A. W., and Muhleman, D. O.: 1992, ‘Observation of Titan’s radio light-curve at 3.5-cm’, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 24, 954.
Grossman, A. W., Muhleman, D. O., and Berge, G. L.: 1989, ‘High-resolution microwave imaging of Saturn’, Science 245, 1211–1215.
Harmon, J. K., and Ostro, S.J.: 1985, ‘Mars: Dual-polarization radar observations with extended coverage’, Icarus 62(1985), 110–128.
Hensley, S., and Im, E.: 1993, ‘SAR ambiguity study for the Cassini Radar’, Proceedings of IGARSS’93.
Hubbard, W. B., and 45 others: 1993, ‘The occultation of 28 Sgr by Titan’, Astron. Astrophys. 269, 541–563.
Im, E., Johnson, W. T. K., and Hensley, S.: 1993, ‘Cassini Radar for remote sensing of Titan — design considerations’, Proceedings of IGARSS’93.
Inge, J. L., and Batson, R.M.: 1992, ‘Indexes of maps of the planets and satellites’, NASA TM 4395, 96–98.
Johnson, W. T. K.: 1991, ‘Magellan imaging radar mission to Venus’, Proc. IEEE 79, 777.
Kuiper, G. P.: 1944, ‘Titan: A satellite with an atmosphere’, Astrophys. J. 100, 378–383.
Kwok, R., and Johnson, W. T. K.: 1989, ‘Block adaptive quantization of Magellan SAR data’, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 27, 375–383.
Lemmon, M. T., Karkoscka, E., and Tomasko, M.: 1993, ‘Titan’s rotation: Surface feature observed’, Icarus 103, 329–332.
Lemmon, M. T., Karkoscka, E., and Tomasko, M.: 1995, ‘Titan’s rotational light-curve’, Icarus 113, 27–38.
Lindal, G. F., Wood, G. E., Hotz, H. B., Sweetnam, D. N., Eshleman, V. R., and Tyler, G. L.: 1983, ‘The atmosphere of Titan: An analysis of the Voyager 1 radio occultation measurements’, Icarus 53, 348–363.
Lorenz, R. D.: 1995a, ‘Raindrops on Titan’, Adv. Space Res. 15, (3)317–(3)320.
Lorenz, R. D.: 1995b, ‘Cassini mission: Radar sensing of craters on Titan’, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXVI, 775–776.
Lorenz, R. D., and Lunine, J. I.: 1996, ‘Erosion on Titan: Past and present’, Icarus 122, 79–91.
Lorenz, R. D., Smith, P. H., Lemmon, M. T., Karkoschka, E., Lockwood, G. W., and Caldwell, J.: 1997, ‘Titan’s north-south asymmetry from HST and Voyager imaging: Comparison with models and ground-based photometry’, Icarus 127, 173–189.
Lunine, J. I.: 1993. ‘Does Titan have an ocean? A review of current understanding of Titan’s surface’, Revs. Geophys. 31, 133–149.
Lunine, J. I., and Rizk, B.: 1989, ‘Thermal evolution of Titan’s atmosphere’, Icarus 80, 370–389.
Lunine, J. I., Stevenson, D. J., and Yung, Y. L.: 1983, ‘Ethane ocean on Titan’, Science 222, 1229–1230.
Mitchell, D. L., Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Rosema, K. D., Campbell, D. B., Vé1lez, R., et al.: 1996, ‘Radar observations of asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta’, Icarus 124, 113–133.
Muhleman, D. O., Grossman, A. W., Butler, B. J., and Slade, M. A.: 1990, ‘Radar reflectivity of Titan’, Science 248, 975–980.
Muhleman, D. O., Grossman, A. W., Slade, M. A., and Butler, B. J.: 1992, ‘The surface of Titan and Titan’s rotation: What is radar telling us?’, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 24, 954.
Muhleman, D. O., Grossman, A. W., Slade, M. A., and Butler, B. J.: 1993, ‘Titan’s radar reflectivity and rotation’, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 25, 1009.
Muhleman, D. O., Grossman, A. W., and Butler, B. J.: 1995, ‘Radar investigation of Mars, Mercury, and Titan’, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 23, 337–374.
Ostro, S. J.: 1993, ‘Planetary Radar Astronomy’, Revs. Mod. Phys. 65, 1235–1279.
Ostro, S. J., Campbell, D. B., Simpson, R. A., Hudson, R. S., Chandler, J. F, Rosema, K. D., et al.: 1992, ‘Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto: New radar results from Arecibo and Goldstone’, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 18,227–18,244.
Pettengill, G. H.: 31978, ‘Physical properties of the planets and satellites from radar observations’, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 16, 265–292.
Pettengill, G. H., Briscoe, H. W., Evans, J. V., Gehrels, E., Hyde, G. M., Kraft, L. G., Price, R., and Smith, W. B.: 1962, ‘A radar investigation of Venus’, Astron. J. 67, 181–190.
Pettengill, G. H., Ford, P. G., Johnson, W. T. K., Raney, K. R., and Soderblom, L. A.: 1991, ‘Magellan: Radar performance and data products’, Science 252, 260–265.
Samuelson, R. E., and Mayo, L. A.: 1997, ‘Steady-state model for methane condensation in Titan’s troposphere’, Planet. Space Sci. 45, 949–958.
Saunders, R. S., and 26 others: 1992, ‘The Magellan Mission summary’, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 13,067–13,090.
Sen, A. D., Anicich, V. G., and Arakelian, T.: 1992, ‘Dielectric constant of liquid alkanes and hydrocarbon mixtures’, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 25,516–521.
Smith, P. H., and Lemmon, M. T.: 1993, ‘HST images of Titan’, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 25, 1105.
Smith, P. H., Lemmon, M. T., Lorenz, R. D., Sromovsky, L. A., Caldwell, J. J., and Allison, M. D.: 1996, ‘Titan’s surface, revealed by HST images’, Icarus 119, 336–349.
Straty, G. C., and Goodwin, R. D.: 1973, ‘Dielectric constant and polarizability of saturated and compressed fluid methane’, Cryogenicsl3, 712–715.
Thomson, W. R., and Squyres, S. W.: 1990, 1Titan and other icy satellites: Dielectric properties of constituent materials and implications for radar sounding’, Icarus 86, 336–354.
Toon, O. B., McKay, C. P., Courtin, R., and Ackerman, T. P.: 1988, ‘Methane rain on Titan’, Icarus 75, 255–284.
Tyler, G. L., Eshleman, V. R., Anderson, J. D., Levy, G. S., Lindal, G. F., Wood, G. E., et al.: 1981, ‘Radio science investigations of the Saturn system with Voyager 1: Preliminary results’, Science 212, 201–206.
Tyler, G. L., Simpson, R. A., Maurer, M. J., and Holman, E.: 1992, ‘Scattering properties of the Venusian surface: Preliminary results from Magellan’, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 13,115–13,139.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Elachi, C. et al. (2004). Radar: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper. In: Russell, C.T. (eds) The Cassini-Huygens Mission. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3874-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3874-7_2
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-3147-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-3874-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive