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The Anti-Interferon Mechanisms of Paramyxoviruses

  • Chapter
Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses

5. Conclusions

Although viruses from all genera within the Paramyxoviridae family antagonize the IFN response, there are a wide variety of mechanisms by which this antagonism occurs. It appears that viruses from both sub-families suppress the production of IFN via the V protein for members of the Paramyxovirinae and the NS proteins for members of the Pneumovirinae. Members of the Paramyxovirinae also use the V protein and/or other products of the viral P gene, such as C and W, to antagonize IFN signaling. Some of these viruses block both IFN-α/β and IFN-γ signaling pathways, whilst others block only IFN-α/β signaling by various mechanisms including interactions with the IFN receptor complex, targeted degradation of components of the signaling pathway and sequestration of signaling molecules in high molecular weight complexes.

Several viruses encode multiple proteins that act as IFN antagonists and it is likely that these proteins are multifunctional and have other, as of yet undefined roles in the viral life cycle that may or may not be concerned with immune evasion. For example, it remains to be ascertained why the V proteins of Henipaviruses are significantly bigger than the V proteins of other paramyxoviruses, and what if any are the additional functions associated with these larger proteins. As discussed, studies designed to tell us more about how paramyxoviruses evade cellular antiviral responses may shed further light in such diverse areas as the molecular pathogenesis of virus infections, virus host range and virus persistence, as well as potentially having implications for the development of novel approaches to creating attenuated viruses or antiviral drugs.

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  1. School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK

    Nicola Stock & Richard E. Randall

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, UK

    Stephen Goodbourn

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  1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Peter Palese

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Stock, N., Goodbourn, S., Randall, R.E. (2005). The Anti-Interferon Mechanisms of Paramyxoviruses. In: Palese, P. (eds) Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3242-0_6

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