Skip to main content
Book cover

Entomology pp 297–351Cite as

The Remaining Endopterygote Orders

  • Chapter
  • 3333 Accesses

Keywords

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aspöck, U., 2002, Phylogeny of the Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola), Zool. Scripta 31:51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, U., Plant, J. D., and Nemeschkal, H. L., 2001, Cladistic analysis of Neuroptera and their systematic position within Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola: Neuropterida: Neuroptera), Syst. Entomol. 26:73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berland, L., and Grassé, P.-P., 1951, Super-ordre des Néuroptéroides, in: Traité de Zoologie (P.-P. Grassé, ed.), Vol. X, Fasc.l, Masson, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, J. M., 1996, British freshwater Megaloptera and Neuroptera: A key with ecological notes, F.W. Biol. Assoc. Sci. Publ. 54:1–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, E. D., and Neunzig, H. H., 1984, Megaloptera and aquatic Neuroptera, in: An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 2nd ed. (R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins, eds.), Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, IA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristensen, N. P., 1991, Phylogeny of extant hexapods, in: The Insects of Australia, 2nd ed., Vol. I (CSIRO, ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plant, C. W., 1997, A key to the adults of the British lacewings and their allies (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, and Mecoptera), Field Stud. 9(1):179–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theischinger, G., 1991, Megaloptera, in: The Insects of Australia, 2nd ed., Vol. I (CSIRO, ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achtelig, M., and Kristensen, N. P., 1973, A re-examination of the relationships of the Raphidioptera (Insecta), Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch. 11:268–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, H., 1986, The Raphidioptera of the world: A review of present knowledge, in: Recent Research in Neuropterology (J. Gepp, H. Aspöck, and H. Hölzel, eds.), Graz (published privately).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, H., 1998, Distribution and biogeography of the order Raphidioptera: Updated facts and a new hypothesis, Acta Zool. Fenn. 209:33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, H., 2002, The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge, Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 48(Suppl. 2):35–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, U., 1975, The present state of knowledge on the Raphidioptera of America (Insecta, Neuropteroidea), Pol. Pismo Entomol. 45:537–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, U., 2002, Phylogeny of the Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola), Zool. Scripta 31:51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, U., Plant, J. D., and Nemeschkal, H. L., 2001, Cladistic analysis of Neuroptera and their systematic position within Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola: Neuropterida: Neuroptera), Syst. Entomol. 26:73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristensen, N. P., 1991, Phylogeny of extant hexapods, in: The Insects of Australia, 2nd ed., Vol. 1 (CSIRO, ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plant, C. W., 1997, A key to the adults of the British lacewings and their allies (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, and Mecoptera), Field Stud. 9(1):179–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, R. H., Jr., 2000, American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U., and Hölzel, H., 1980, Die Neuropteren Europas, Vol. 1, Goecke and Evers, Krefeld.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, U., 2002, Phylogeny of the Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola), Zool. Scripta 31:51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck, U., Plant, J. D., and Nemeschkal, H. L., 2001, Cladistic analysis of Neuroptera and their systematic position within Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola: Neuropterida: Neuroptera), Syst. Entomol. 26:73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristensen, N. P., 1991, Phylogeny of extant hexapods, in: The Insects of Australia, 2nd ed., Vol. 1 (CSIRO, ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • New, T. R., 1986, A review of the biology of the Neuroptera Planipennia, Neuroptera Int. Suppl. 1:1–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • New, T. R., 1989, Planipennia (lacewings), in: Handbuch der Zoologie, Vol. IV, Insecta Lfg. 30:1–132, de Gruyter, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • New, T. R., 1991, Neuroptera, in: The Insects of Australia, 2nd ed., Vol. 1 (CSIRO, ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plant, C. W., 1997, A key to the adults of the British lacewings and their allies (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, and Mecoptera), Field Stud. 9(1):179–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlüter, T., 1986, The fossil Planipennia—A review, in: Recent Research in Neuropterology (J. Gepp, H. Aspöck, and H. Hölzel, eds.), Graz (published privately).

    Google Scholar 

  • Throne, A. L., 1971, The Neuroptera-suborder Planipennia of Wisconsin. Parts I and II, Mich. Entomol. 4:65–78, 79-87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, R. H., Jr., 2000, American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, R. H., Jr., and Thomas, M. C. (eds.), 2001, American Beetles, Volume 1 (Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, R. H., Jr., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E., and Frank, J. H. (eds.), 2002, American Beetles, Volume 2 (Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beutel, R. G., and Haas, A., 1996, Phylogenetic analysis of larval and adult characters of Adephaga (Coleoptera) using cladistic computer programs, Entomol. Scand. 27:197–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beutel, R. G., and Haas, A., 2000, Phylogenetic relationships of the suborders of Coleoptera, Cladistics 16:103–141.

    CrossRef  ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Caterino, M. S., Shull, V. L., Hammond, P. M., and Vogler, A. P., 2002, Basal relationships of Coleoptera inferred from 18S rDNA sequences, Zool. Scripta 31:41–49.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Crowson, R. A., 1955, The Natural Classification of the Families of Coleoptera, Nathanial Lloyd, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowson, R. A., 1956, Coleoptera. Introduction and keys to families, R. Entomol. Soc. Handb. Ident. Br. Insects 4(1):59 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowson, R. A., 1960, The phylogeny of Coleoptera, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 5:111–134.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Crowson, R. A. 1981, The Biology of the Coleoptera, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, E. S., and Dillon, L. S., 1972, A Manual of Common Beetles of Eastern N. America, Dover, NewYork.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downie, N. M., and Arnett, R. H., Jr., 1996, The Beetles of Northeastern North America, Sandhill Crane Press, Gainsville, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, M. E. G., 1985, Hydradephagan comparative morphology and evolution: Some locomotor features and their possible phylogenetic implications, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 137(1):1–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, B. D., 1998, “Inordinate fondness” explained: Why are there so many beetles? Science 281:555–558.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Headstrom, R., 1977, The Beetles of America, Barnes, Cranbury, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodge, P. J., and Jones, R. A., 1995, New British Beetles—Species not in Joy’s Practical Handbook, Br. Entomol. Nat. Hist. Soc., Reading, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joy, N. H., 1932, A Practical Handbook of British Beetles, 2 vols., Classey, Faringdon, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukalová-Peck, J., and Lawrence, J. F., 2004, Relationships among coleopteran suborders and major endoneopteran lineages: Evidence from hind wing characters, Eur. J. Entomol. 101:95–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. F., 1991, Order Coleoptera, in: Immature Insects, Vol. 2 (F. W. Stehr, ed.), Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, IA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. F., and Britton, E. B., 1991, Coleoptera, in: The Insects of Australia, 2nd ed., Vol. 1 (CSIRO, ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. F., and Newton, A. F., Jr., 1982, Evolution and classification of beetles, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13:261–290.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Linnsen, E. F., 1959, Beetles of the British Isles, 2 vols., Warne, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shull, V. L., Vogler, A. P., Baker, M. D., Maddison, D. R., and Hammond, P. M., 2001, Sequence alignment of 18S ribosomal RNA and the basal relationships of adephagan beetles: Evidence for monophyly of aquatic families and the placement of Trachypachidae, Syst. Biol. 50:945–969.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivinski, J., 1981, The nature and possible functions of luminescence in Coleoptera larvae, Coleopt. Bull. 35:167–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askew R. R., 1971, Parasitic Insects, American Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huelsenbeck, J. P., 2001, A Bayesian perspective on the Strepsiptera problem, Tidschr. Entomol. 144:165–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathirithamby, J., 1989, Review of the order Strepsiptera, Syst. Entomol. 14:41–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathirithamby, J., 2001, Stand tall and they still get you in your Achilles foot pad, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 268:2287–2289.

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinzelbach, R., 1990, The systematic position of the Strepsiptera (Insecta), Am. Entomol. 36:292–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristensen, N. P., 1981, Phylogeny of insect orders, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 26:135–157.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kinzelbach, R., and Pohl, H., 1994, The fossil Strepsiptera (Insecta: Strepsiptera), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87:59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukalova-Peck, J., and Lawrence, J. P., 1993, Evolution of the hind wing in Coleoptera, Can. Entomol. 125:181–258.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Whiting, M. F., 1998, Phylogenetic position of the Strepsiptera: Review of molecular and morphological evidence, Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 27:53–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alford, D. V., 1975, Bumblebees, Davis-Poynter, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, R. H., Jr., 2000, American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askew, R. R., 1971, Parasitic Insects, American Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brothers, D. J., 1975, Phylogeny and classification of the aculeate Hymenoptera, with special reference to Mutillidae, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 50:483–648.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W. L., Jr., 1982, Hymenoptera, in: Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, Vol. 2 (S. P. Parker, ed.), McGraw-Hill, NewYork.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, C. G., 1974, The World of the Honeybee, 2nd ed., Collins, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doutt, R. L., 1959, The biology of parasitic Hymenoptera, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 4:161–182.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Dowton, M., and Austin, A. D., 1994, Molecular phylogeny of the insect order Hymenoptera: Apocritan relationships, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 91:9911–9915.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowton, M., and Austin, A. D., 1999, Models of analysis for molecular datasets for the reconstruction of basal hymenopteran relationships, Zool. Scripta 28:69–74.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, R., 1980, Social Wasps: Their Biology and Control, Rentokil, East Grinstead, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, H. E., and Eberhard, M. J. W., 1970, The Wasps, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Free, J. B., 1982, Bees and Mankind, Allen and Unwin, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauld, I., and Bolton, B. (eds.), 1988, The Hymenoptera, Oxford University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordh, G., Legner, E. F., and Caltagirone, L. E., 1999, Biology of parasitic Hymenoptera, in: Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications of Biological Control (T. S. Bellows and T. W. Fisher, eds.), Academic Press, San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulet, H., and Huber, J. T. (eds.), 1993, Hymenoptera of theWorld: An Identification Guide to Families, Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B., and Wilson, E. O., 1990, The Ants, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jervis, M., and Vilhelmsen, L., 2000, Mouthpart evolution in adults of the basal, ’symphytan’, hymenopteran lineages, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 70:121–146.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Malyshev, S. M., 1968, Genesis of the Hymenoptera and the Phases of Their Evolution (O. W. Richards and B. Uvarov, eds.), Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener, C. D., 1974, The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener, C. D., 2000, The Bees of theWorld, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naumann, I. D., 1991, Hymenoptera, in: The Insects of Australia, 2nd ed., Vol. 2 (CSIRO, ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, K. M., 2001, Solitary Wasps: Behavior and Natural History, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, O. W., 1977, Hymenoptera. Introduction and keys to families (2nd ed.), R. Entomol. Soc. Handb. Ident. Br. Insects 6(1):1–100.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist, F., 1999, Phylogeny of the Hymenoptera (Insecta): The state of the art, Zool. Scripta 28:3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist, F., Rasnitsyn, A. P., Roy, A., Eriksson, K., and Lindgren, M., 1999, Phylogeny of the Hymenoptera: A cladistic reanalysis of Rasnitsyn’s (1988) data, Zool. Scripta 28:13–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, K. G., and Matthews, R. W. (eds.), 1991, The Social Biology of Wasps, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeley, T. D., 1985, Honeybee Ecology: A Study of Adaptation in Social Life, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spradbury, J. P., 1973, Wasps: An Account of the Biology and Natural History of Social and Solitary Wasps, Sidgwick and Jackson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephen, W. P., Bohart, G. E., and Torchio, P. F., 1969, The Biology and External Morphology of Bees with a Synopsis of the Genera of Northwestern America, Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudd, J. H., 1967, An Introduction to the Behaviour of Ants, Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E. O., 1971, The Insect Societies, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilhelmsen, L., 2001, Phylogeny and classification of the extant basal lineages of the Hymenoptera (Insecta), Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 131:393–442.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2005). The Remaining Endopterygote Orders. In: Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3183-1_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics