This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bayley, A., Blakeway, F. Deployment strategies to maximise value recovery from tree improvement: The experience of two South African companies. S. Afr. For. J. 2002; 195:11–22.
Becwar, M.R., Nagmani, R., Wann, S.R. Initiation of embryogenic cultures and somatic embryo development in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Can. J. For. Res. 1990; 20:810–817.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Report on commercial timber resources and primary roundwood processing in South Africa 1997/98. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 1998.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Abstract of South African forestry facts for the year 1998/99. Forest Owners Association, 2001.
De Verno, L.L, Park, Y.S., Bonga, J.M., Barret, J.D. Somaclonal variation in cryopreserved embryogenic clones of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.). Plant Cell Rep. 1999; 18:948–953.
Clapham, D., Manders, G., Yibrah, H.S., von Arnold, S. Enhancement of short-and medium-term expression of transgenes in embryogenic suspensions of Picea abies (L.) Karst. J. Exp. Bot. 1995; 46: 655–662.
Evans, J. Sustainability of forest plantations. A review of evidence concerning the narrow-sense sustainability of planted forests. The Department for International Development 1999; pp Ford, C.S. Cryopreservation of Pinus patula Scheide et Deppe embryogenic tissue. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 1999.
Ford, C.S., Jones, N.B, van Staden, J. Cryopreservation and plant regeneration from somatic embryos of Pinus patula. Plant Cell Rep. 2000a; 19:610–615.
Ford, C.S., Jones, N.B, van Staden, J. Optimization of a working cryopreservation protocol for Pinus patula embryogenic tissue. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 2000b; 36:366–369.
Griffin, A.R. Deployment decisions — capturing the benefits of tree improvement with clones and seedlings. In Developing the Eucalypt of the Future, Proceedings of IUFRO Symposium, Valdivia, Chile, 10–15 September, 2001, INFOR.
Hare, P. A regulatory role for proline metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynth. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 1998.
John, A. The technology of clonal forestry of conifers. Nordic Group for the Management of Genetic Resources: Scotland, September 2002.
Jones, N.B., van Staden, J., Bayley, A.D. Somatic embryogenesis of Pinus patula. J. Plant Physiol. 1993; 142:366–372.
Jones, N.B., van Staden, J. Plantlet production from somatic embryos of Pinus patula. J. Plant Physiol. 1995; 145:519–525
Jones, N.B., van Staden, J. Improved somatic embryo production from embryogenic tissue of Pinus patula. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. — Plant 2001; 37:543–549.
Jones, N.B. Somatic embryogenesis as a tool to capture genetic gain from tree breeding strategies: Risks and benefits. S. Afr. For. J. 2002; 195:93–101.
Li, Y-H., Tremblay, F.M., Séguin A. Transient transformation of pollen and embryogenic tissues of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) resulting from microprojectile bombardment. Plant Cell Rep. 1994; 13:661–665.
Merkle, S.A., Trigiano, R.N. In vitro propagation of hardwoods. Applications of vegetative propagation in forestry. Proceedings of the 1992 SRIEG Biennial Symposium on Forest Genetics: 1992, July 8–10; Huntsville, AL. New Orleans, LA USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SO-108: Southern Forest Experiment Station.
Morris A., Pallett, R. Pines. In South African Forestry Handbook 2000, Vol. 1. South African Institute of Forestry, 2000 pp. 80–84.
Nigro, S.A., Makunga, N.P., Jones, N.B, van Staden, J. Towards transgenic Pinus patula with uidA and bar genes resulting from microprojectile bombardment of embryonal suspensor masses (ESM). Poster presented at 27th Annual Congress of South African Association of Botanists (SAAB), Pretoria, South Africa, 2003, 7–11 January.
Pallett, R. Growth and fibre yield of Pinus patula and Pinus elliottii pulpwood plantations at high altitude in Mpumalanga. S. Afr. J. For. 2000; 187:11–17.
Park, Y.S., Pond, S.E., Bonga, J.M. Initiation of somatic embryogenesis in white spruce (Picea glauca): genetic control, culture treatment effects, and implications for plant breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1993; 86:427–436.
Percy, R.E., Klimaszewska, K., Cyr, D.R. Evaluation of somatic embryogenesis for clonal propagation of western white pine. Can. J. For. Res. 2000; 30:1867–1876.
Perl, A., Kless, H., Blumenthal, A., Galili, G., Galun, E. Improvement of plant regeneration and GUS expression in scutellar wheat calli by optimization of culture conditions and DNA-microprojectile delivery procedures. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1992; 235:279–284.
Pullman, G.S., Webb, D.T. An embryo staging system for comparison of zygotic and somatic embryo development. Biol. Sci. Sym., 1994.
Sanford J.C., Smith, F.D., Russel, J.A. Optimizing the biolistic process for different biological applications. Method Enzymol. 1993; 217:483–509.
Sparg, S.G., Jones, N.B., van Staden, J. Artificial seed from Pinus patula somatic embryos. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2002; 68:234–238.
Sutton, B.C.S., Grossnickle, S.C., Roberts, D.R., Russell, J.H., Kiss, G.K. Somatic embryogenesis and tree improvement in interior spruce. J. For. 1993; 91:34–38.
Vain, P., Kee, N., Murillo, J., Rathus, C., Nemes, C., Finer, J.J. Development of the particle inflow gun. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 1993; 33:237–246.
Vickers, J.E., Graham, G.C., Henry, R.J. A protocol for the efficient screening of putatively transformed plants for bar, the selectable marker gene, using the polymerase chain reaction. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 1996; 4:363–368.
von Arnold, S., Hakman, I. Regulation of somatic embryo development in Picea abies by abscisic acid (ABA). J. Plant Physiol. 1988; 132:164–169.
Walter, C., Smith, D.R., Connet, M.B., Grace, L., White, D.W.R. A biolistic approach for the transfer and expression of a gusA reporter gene in embryogenic cultures of Pinus radiata. Plant Cell Rep. 1994; 14:69–74.
Walter, C., Grace, L.J., Wagner, A., White, D.W.R., Walden, A.R., Donalson, S.S., Hinton, H., Gardner, R.C., Smith, D.R. Stable transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants of Pinus radiata D.Don. Plant Cell Rep. 1998; 17:460–468.
Walter, C., Smith, D.R. Genetic transformation of Pinus radiata. In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Vol 44. Transgenic Trees, Y.P.S. Bajaj ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999, 193–211.
Wan, Y., Lemaux, P.G. Generation of large numbers of independently transformed fertile barley plants. Plant Physiol. 1994; 104:37–48.
Winship, P.R. An improved method for directly sequencing PCR amplified material using dimethyl sulphoxide. Nucl. Acids Res. 1989; 17:1266.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ford, C.S., Fischer, L.J., Jones, N.B., Nigro, S.A., Makunga, N.P., van Staden, J. (2005). Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus patula. In: Jain, S.M., Gupta, P.K. (eds) Protocol for Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants. Forestry Sciences, vol 77. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2985-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2985-3_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-2984-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-2985-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)