Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Aquaculture

  • Chapter
Sturgeons and Paddlefish of North America

Part of the book series: Fish & Fisheries Series ((FIFI,volume 27))

Summary

The aquaculture of white sturgeon is well established in North America. The culture techniques for other sturgeon are still undergoing research and development and will require further consideration and modification, depending on the species and production goals. Future research directions of sturgeon and paddlefish aquaculture will undoubtedly include: alternative sex identification techniques, breeding plans for selection of desirable traits, monosex production, post-harvest technology (i.e., for caviar), disease detection and control, and development of optimal feeds for growout, broodstock and caviar production.

The rapid decline in caviar supplies from wild populations and the increasing harvest restrictions, particularly in the Caspian Sea region (Stone 2002), will undoubtedly create a demand for other sources of caviar. Sturgeon and paddlefish aquaculture will almost certainly be the major source of caviar in the future. However, the continued expansion and sustainability of sturgeon farming for meat and caviar will ultimately depend on culture regulations, production costs, long-term demand, and price.

The development of aquaculture techniques will also be useful in management programs and enhancement of sturgeon and paddlefish populations. Knowledge gained from artificial rearing of these species can be used for the propagation of sturgeon in hatcheries. These hatchery reared individuals can then be used for enhancement or augmentation of wild stocks, and also provide fish for research and educational programs. Aquaculture by private industry and public hatcheries may be the only hope for the conservation of wild sturgeon, as the world’s natural populations continue to decline.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Altinok, I., Galli, S.M., and Chapman, F.A. 1998. Ionic and osmotic regulation capabilities of juvenile Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A. 120:609–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altinok, I, and Grizzle, J.M. 2001a. Effects of brackish water on growth, feed conversion and energy absorption efficiency by juvenile euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline fishes. J. Fish Biol. 59:1142–1152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altinok, I, and Grizzle, J.M. 2001b. Effects of low salinities on Flavobacterium columnare infection of euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline fish. J. Fish Dis. 24: 361–367.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous. 2000. Wisconsin’s Lake Sturgeon Management Plan. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Bureau of Fisheries Management and Habitat Protection.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballard, W.W., and Needham, R.G. 1964. Normal embryonic stages of Polyodon spathula (Walbaum). J. Morphol. 114: 465–478.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barannikova, I.A. 1987. Review of sturgeon farming in the Soviet Union. J. of Ichthyol. 27: 62–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardi, R.W. Jr., Chapman, F.A., and Barrows, F.T. 1998. Feeding trials with hatchery-produced Gulf of Mexico sturgeon larvae. Prog. Fish-Cult. 60:25–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrows, F.T. 2000. Larval feeds: two methods for production of one-size, microbound particles. Global Aquacult. Advocate 3: 61–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentsen, H.B., and Gjerde, B. 1994. Designs of fish breeding programs. In Proc. 4th World Congr. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod., Edinburgh, Scotland. pp. 149–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentsen, H.B., and Olesen, I. 2002. Designing aquaculture mass selection programs to avoid high inbreeding rates. Aquaculture 204: 349–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billard, R., Cosson, J., and Linhart, O. 2000. Changes in the flagellum morphology of intact and frozen/thawed Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri (Brandt) sperm during motility. Aquacult. Res. 31: 283–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, K.D. 2001. Environmental impacts of aquaculture. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boothe, H.W. 1998. Selecting suture materials for small animal surgery. Small Animal 20: 155–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchard, H.J. III., and Aloisi, D.B. 2002. Investigations in concurrent disinfection and de-adhesion of lake sturgeon eggs. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 64:212–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronzi, P., Rosenthal, H., Arlati, G., and Williot, P. 1999. A brief overview on the status and prospects of sturgeon farming in Western and Central Europe. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15: 224–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G.G., and Mims, S.D. 1999. Cryopreservation of paddlefish Polyodon spathula milt. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 30: 245–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, R.M., Dick, T.A., and Choudhury, A. 2001. A practical field guide for the identification of stages of lake sturgeon gonad development, with notes on lake sturgeon reproductive biology and management implications. Published by Sturgeon for Tomorrow, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Printed by Graphic Communications Center Inc., Appleton, Wisconsin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, J., and Kynard, B. 1981. Spawning and rearing shortnose sturgeon from the Connecticut River. Prog. Fish-Cult. 43: 74–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buddington, R.K. 1991. Ontogenic development of sturgeons: selected physiological examples. In Acipenser Actes du premier colloque international su ľesturgeon. Edited by P. Williot. CEMAGREF, Bordeaux, France. pp. 53–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buddington, R.K., and Doroshov, S.I. 1984. Feeding trials with hatchery produced white sturgeon juveniles (Acipenser transmontanus). Aquaculture 36:237–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buddington, R.K., and Christofferson, J.P. 1985. Digestive and feeding characteristics of the chondrosteans. Environ. Biol. Fish. 14: 31–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buddington, R.K., Hazel, J.R., Doroshov, S.I., and Van Eenennaam, J.P. 1993. Ontogeny of the capacity for homeoviscous adaptation in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). J. Exp. Zool. 265: 18–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlberg, J.M. 2001. U.S. aquaculture: current status and future directions. Aquacult. Mag. 27:36–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, D.M, and Bonislawsky, P.S. 1981. The paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) fisheries of the Midwestern United States. Fisheries 6: 17–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, S.H., Tatman, T., and Chapman, F.A. 1996. Observations on the natural history of the Gulf of Mexico sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov 1955) in the Suwannee River, southeastern United States. Ecol. Freshwater Fish 5:169–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E.N. 1904. Notes on sturgeon culture in Vermont. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 33: 60–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cech, J.J. Jr., Mitchell, S.J., and Wragg, T.E. 1984. Comparative growth of juvenile white sturgeon and striped bass: effects of temperature and hypoxia. Estuaries 7: 12–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, F.A., and Carr, S.H. 1995. Implications of early life stages in the natural history of the Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi. Environ. Biol. Fish. 43: 407–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chebanov, M.S., and Savelyeva, E.A. 1999. New strategies for brood stock management of sturgeon in the Sea of Azov basin in response to changes in patterns of spawning migration. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15:183–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chebanov, M., and Ballard, R. 2001. The culture of sturgeons in Russia: production of juveniles for stocking and meat for human consumption. Aquat. Living Resour. 14: 375–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherr, G.N., and Clark, W.H. Jr. 1984. Jelly release in the eggs of the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. An enzymatically mediated event. J. Exp. Zool., 230: 145–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cherr, G.N., and Clark, W.H. Jr. 1985. Gamete interaction in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus: a morphological and physiological review. Environ. Biol. Fish. 14: 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conte, F.S., Doroshov, S.I., Lutes, P.B., and Strange, E.M. 1988. Hatchery manual for the white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Richardson with application to other north American Acipenseridae. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colombo, R.E., Wills, P.S., and Garvey, J.E. 2004. Use of ultrasound imaging to determine sex of shovelnose sturgeon. N. Am. J. Fisheries Management 24: 322–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosson, J., and Linhart, O. 1996. Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) spermatozoa: effects of potassium and pH on motility. Folia Zoologica 45: 361–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosson, J., Linhart, O., Mims, S.D., Shelton, W.L., and Rodina, M. 2000. Analysis of motility parameters from paddlefish and shovelnose sturgeon spermatozoa. J. Fish Biol. 56: 1348–1367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crocker, C.E., and Cech, J.J. Jr. 1996. The effects of hypercapnia on the growth of juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Aquaculture 147: 293–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, Y., and Hung, S.S.O. 1995. A prototype feeding-growth table for white sturgeon. J. Appl. Aqua. 5: 25–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cui, Y., Hung, S.S.O., Deng, D-F., and Yang, Y. 1997. Growth performance of juvenile white sturgeon as affected by feeding regime. Prog. Fish-Cult. 59: 31–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ćzeskleba, D.G., AveLallemant, S., and Thuemler, T.F. 1985. Artificial spawning and rearing of lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, in Wild Rose State Fish Hatchery, Wisconsin, 1982–83. In North American Sturgeons: Biology and Aquaculture Potential. Edited by F.P. Binkowski and S.I. Doroshov, S.I. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 79–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, X., Van Eenennaam, J.P., and Doroshov. S.I. 2002. Comparison of early life stages and growth of green and white sturgeon. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 28: 237–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dettlaff, T.A., Ginsburg, A.S., and Schmalhausen, O.I. 1993. Sturgeon fishes: developmental biology and aquaculture. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiLauro, M.N. 1998. Renewal of voluntary feeding by wild-caught Atlantic sturgeon juveniles in captivity. Prog. Fish-Cult. 60: 293–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiLauro, M.N., Krise, W.F., Hendrix, M.A., and Baker, S.E. 1994. Short-term cold storage of Atlantic sturgeon sperm. Prog. Fish-Cult. 56: 143–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiLauro, M.N., Krise, W.F., and Fynn-Aikins, K. 1998. Growth and survival of lake sturgeon fed formulated diets. Prog. Fish-Cult. 60:293–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillard, J.G., Graham, L.K., and Russell, T.R. (editors). 1986. The paddlefish: status, management, and propagation. North Central Division, Amer. Fish. Soc. Special Publ. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doroshov, S.I. 1985. Biology and culture of sturgeon Acipenseriformes. In Recent advances in aquaculture. Edited by J.F. Muir and R.J. Roberts. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. pp. 251–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doroshov, S.I., Clark, W.H. Jr., Lutes, P.B., Swallow, R.L., Beer, K.E., McGuire, A.B., and Cochran, M.D. 1983. Artificial propagation of the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Aquaculture 32: 93–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doroshov, S.I., Moberg, G.P., and Van Eenennaam, J.P. 1997. Observations on the reproductive cycle of cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Environ. Biol. Fish. 48: 265–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dzuba, B.B., Kopeika, E.F., Cherepanov, V.V., and Drokin, S.I. 1999. Sturgeons sperm quality after 6 years of cryopreservation. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15: 312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, S., and Simer, P.H. 1929. Notes on the food of paddlefish and the plankton of its habit. Trans. Illinois St. Acad. Sci. 21: 59–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajfer, S., Meyers, L., Willman, G., Carpenter, T., and Hansen, M.J. 1999. Growth of juvenile lake sturgeon reared in tanks at three densities. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 61: 331–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feist, G., Van Eenennaam, J.P., Doroshov, S.I., Schreck, C.B., Schneider, R.P., and Fitzpatrick, M.S. 2004. Early identification of sex in cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, using plasma steroid levels. Aquaculture 232:581–590.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folz, D.J., Czeskleba, D.G., and Thuemler. 1983. Artificial spawning of lake sturgeon in Wisconsin. Prog. Fish-Cult. 45: 231–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontenot, Q.C., Isely, J.J., and Tomasso, J.R. 1998. Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to shortnose sturgeon fingerlings. Prog. Fish-Cult. 60: 315–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gawlicka, A., Teh, S.J., Hung, S.S.O., Hinton, D.E., and de la Noiie, J. 1995. Histological and histochemical changes in the digestive tract of white sturgeon larvae during ontogeny. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 14: 357–371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Georgi, T.A., and Dingerkus, G. 2001. The bibliography of paddlefishes, family Polyodontidae. Doane College, Crete, Nebraska.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgiadis, M. P., Hedrick, R.P., Johnson, W.O., Yun, S., and Gardner, I.A. 2000a. Risk factors for white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) and white sturgeon herpesvirus-2 (WSHV-2) outbreaks in 3 commercial sturgeon farms. Am. J. Vet. Res. 61:1232–1240.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiadis, M. P., Hedrick, R.P., Johnson, W.O., and Gardner, I.A. 2000b. Growth of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) following recovery from the stunted stage in a commercial farm in California, USA. Prev. Vet. Med. 43: 283–291.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiadis, M. P., Hedrick, R. P., Johnson, W.O., and Gardner, I.A. 2000c. Mortality and recovery of runt white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in a commercial farm in California, USA. Prev. Vet. Med. 43:269–281.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiadis, M.P., Hedrick, R.P., Carpenter, T.E., and Gardner, I.A. 2001. Factors influencing transmission, onset, and severity of outbreaks of white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) in a commercial hatchery. Aquaculture 194: 21–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giberson, A.V., and Litvak, M.K. 2003. Effect of feeding frequency on growth, food conversion efficiency, and meal size of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 65: 99–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddings, F.D. 1997. Surgical knots and suturing techniques. Giddings Studio Publishing, Fort Collins, Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilliland, E. 1994. Comparison of absorbable sutures used in largemouth bass liver biopsy surgery. Prog. Fish-Cult. 56: 60–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gisbert, E., and Williot, P. 1997. Larval behaviour and effect of the timing of initial feeding on growth and survival of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) larvae under small scale hatchery production. Aquaculture 156: 63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gisbert, E., and Williot, P. 2002. Influence of storage duration of ovulated eggs prior to fertilization on the early ontogenesis of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol. 87: 605–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gisbert, E., Cech, J.J. Jr., and Doroshov. S.I. 2001. Routine metabolism of larval green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris Ayres). Fish Physio. Biochem. 25: 195–200.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glogowski, J., Kolman, R., Szczepkowski, M., Horváth, Á., Urbányi, B., Sieczyński, P., Rzemieniecki, A., Domagala, J., Demianowicz, W., Kowalski, R., and Ciereszko, A. 2002. Fertilization rate of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt) milt cryopreserved with methanol. Aquaculture 211: 367–373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnam, R. 1998. Implementation of 1997 CITES listing made effective April 1, 1998. In Proceedings of the symposium on the harvest, trade and conservation of north American paddlefish and sturgeon. Edited by D.F. Williamson, G.W. Benz and C.M. Craig. TRAFFIC North America/World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC. pp. 192–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goncharov, B.F., Igumnova, L.V., Polopan, I.S., and Savieleva, E.A. 1991. Induced oocyte maturation, ovulation and spermiation in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) using synthetic analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In Acipenser Actes du premier colloque international su ľesturgeon. Edited by P. Williot. OCEMAGREF, Bordeaux, France. pp. 351–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, L.K., Hamilton. E.J., Russell, T.R., and Hicks, C.E. 1986. The culture of paddlefish — a review of methods. In The paddlefish: status, management, and propagation. Edited by J.G. Dillard, L.K. Graham and T.R. Russell. Amer. Fish. Soc., North Central Division, Special Publ. 7, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 78–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, W.J.K., and Dymond, J.R. 1961. The lake sturgeon: the history of its fishery and problems of conservation. Fish and Wildlife Branch, Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedrick, R.P., Groff, J.M., McDowell, T., and Wingfield, W.H. 1990. An iridovirus infection of the integument of the white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Dis. Aquat. Org. 8: 39–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedrick, R.P., McDowell, T.S., Groff, J.M., Yun, S., and Wingfield, W.H. 1992. Isolation and some properties of an Iridovirus-like agent from white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Dis. Aquat. Org. 12: 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochleithner, M., and Gessner, J. 1999. The sturgeon and paddlefishes (Acipenseriformes) of the world. Biology and Aquaculture. Aquatech Publ., Kitzbuehel, Austria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover, C. 1998. Import and export of sturgeon and paddlefish in the United States. In Proceedings of the symposium on the harvest, trade and conservation of north American paddlefish and sturgeon. Edited by D.F. Williamson, G.W. Benz and C.M. Craig. TRAFFIC North America/World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC. pp. 162–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, S.S.O. 1991a. Nutrition and feeding of hatchery-produced juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): an overview. In Acipenser Actes du premier colloque international su ďesturgeon. Edited by P. Williot. CEMAGREF, Bordeaux, France. pp. 65–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, S.S.O. 1991b. Sturgeon, Acipenser spp. In Handbook of nutrient requirements of finfish. Edited by R.P. Wilson, R.P. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp. 153–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, S.S.O., and Deng, D.F. 2002. Sturgeon, Acipenser spp. In Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture. Edited by C.D. Webster and C. Lim. CAB International Publ., Wallingford, UK. pp. 344–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, S.S.O., Lutes, P.B., Shqueir, A.A., and Conte, F.S. 1993. Effect of feeding rate and water temperature on growth of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Aquaculture 115: 297–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, S.S.O., Conte, F.S., and Frost, F. 1998. Growth of white sturgeon fed seven commercial feeds. Aquaculture 28: 551–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, S.C., Anders, P.J., and Siple, J.T. 2002. Conservation aquaculture: an adaptive approach to prevent extinction of an endangered white sturgeon population. In Biology, management, and protection of north American sturgeon. Edited by W. Van Winkle, P.J. Anders, D.H. Secor and D.A. Dixon. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 28, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 211–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izquierdo-Pulido, M.L., Hatae, K., and Haard, N.F. 1992. Nucleotide catabolism and changes in texture indices during ice storage of cultured sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. J. Food Biochem. 16: 173–192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jähnichen, H., Warnecke, D., Trölsch, E., Kohlmann, K., Bergler, H., and Pluta, H.J. 1999. Motility and fertilizing capability of cryopreserved Acipenser ruthenus L. sperm. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15: 204–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis, P.L., Ballantyne, J.S., and Hogans, W.E. 2001. The influence of salinity on the growth of juvenile shortnose sturgeon. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 63:272–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, W.E., Smith, T.I.J., Heyward, L.D., and Knott, D.M. 1993. Tolerance of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, juveniles to different salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies 47: 476–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jodun, W.A., Millard, M.J., and Mohler, J. 2002. The effect of rearing density on growth, survival, and feed conversion of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 64: 10–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keenlyne, K.D. 1993. Recent north American studies on pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson). In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Sturgeons. Edited by A.D. Gershanovich and T.I.J. Smith. VNIRO Publishing, Moscow. pp. 225–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keenlyne, K.D. 1997. Life history and status of the shovelnose sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus. Environ. Biol. Fish. 48: 291–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J.L., and Arnold, D.E. 1999. Effects of ration and temperature on growth of age-0 Atlantic sturgeon. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 61: 51–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kincaid, H.L., Mengel, L., Gray, M., and Brimm, S. 1999. National Fish Strain Register-Paddlefish and Sturgeon. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publ. NFSR-PS. Also available through the internet at: http://159.189.37.201/newstu/paddle.htm

  • Kirsch, P.H., and Fordice, M.W. 1889. A review of the American species of sturgeons (Acipenseridae). Proc. Acad. Natural Sci. Philadelphia 2: 245–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knecht, C.D., Allen, A.R., Williams, D.J., and Johnson, J.H. 1987. Fundamental techniques in veterinary surgery. 3rd edition. Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopylenco, L, Gromova, V., Ponamarev, M., and Kopylenco, I. 1999. A method for canning ovulated sturgeon eggs. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15: 329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowtal, G.V. 1987. Preliminary experiments in induction of polyploidy, gynogenesis, and androgenesis in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson. In Proceedings of the World Symposium on Selection, Hybridization, and Genetic Engineering in Aquaculture. Edited by K. Tiews. Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin, Vol. II, pp. 317–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowtal, G.V., Clark, W.H., Jr., and Cherr, G.N. 1986. Elimination of adhesiveness from the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus: chemical treatment of fertilized eggs. Aquaculture 55: 139–143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krayushkina, L.S. 1998. Characteristics of osmotic and ionic regulation in marine diadromous sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum and A. oxyrinchus (Acipenseridae). J. Ichthyol. 38:660–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroll, K.J., Van Eenennaam, J.P., Doroshov, S.I., Hamilton, J.E., and Russell, T.R. 1992. Effect of water temperature and formulated diets on growth and survival of larval paddlefish. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 121: 538–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kynard, B. 1997. Life history, latitudinal patterns, and status of the shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum. Environ. Biol. Fish. 48: 319–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaPatra, S.E., Groff, J.M, Jones, G.R., Munn, B., Patterson, T.L., Holt, R.A., Hauck, A.K., and Hedrick, R.P. 1994. Occurrence of white sturgeon iridovirus infections among cultured white sturgeon in the Pacific Northwest. Aquaculture 126: 201–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaPatra, S.E., Groff, J.M., Patterson, T.L, Shewmaker, W.D., Casten, M., Siple, J., and Hauck, A.K. 1996. Preliminary evidence of sturgeon density and other stressors on manifestation of white sturgeon iridovirus disease. J. Appl. Aquacult. 6: 51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaPatra, S.E., Ireland, S.C., Groff, J.M., Clemens, K.M., and Siple, J.T. 1999. Adaptive disease management strategies for the endangered population of Kootenai River white sturgeon. Fisheries 24: 49–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeBreton, G.T.O., and Beamish, F.W.H. 1998. The influence of salinity on ionic concentrations and osmolarity of blood serum in lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens. Environ. Biol. Fish. 52:477–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linares-Casenave, J., Van Eenennaam, J.P., and Doroshov, S.I. 2002. Ultrastructural and histological observations on temperature-induced follicular ovarian atresia in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18:382–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linhart, O., Mims, S.D., and Shelton, W.L. 1995. Motility of spermatozoa from shovelnose sturgeon and paddlefish. J. Fish Biol. 45: 902–909.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linhart, O., Mims, S.D., Gomelsky, B., Hiott, A.E., Shelton, W.L., Cosson, J., Rodina, M., and Gela, D. 2000. Spermiation of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) Acipeneriformes stimulated with injection of LHRH analogue and carp pituitary powder. Aquat. Living Resour. 13:1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, S.H., Johnston, W.E., and Doroshov, S.I. 1995. Economics of joint production of sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) and roe for caviar. Aquaculture 130: 299–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutes, P.B., Doroshov, S.I., Chapman, F., Harrah, J., Fitzgerald, R., and Fitzpatrick, M. 1987. Morphophysiological predictors of ovulatory success in white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson. Aquaculture 66: 43–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutes, P.B., Hung, S.S.O., and Conte, F.S. 1990. Survival, growth, and body composition of white sturgeon larvae fed purified and commercial diets at 14.7 and 18.4°C. Prog. Fish-Cult. 52: 192–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McEnroe, M., and Cech, J.J. Jr. 1985. Osmoregulation in juvenile and adult white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Environ. Biol. Fish. 14: 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meade, J.W. 1989. Aquaculture management. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medale, F., Corraze, F., and Kaushik, S.J. 1995. Nutrition of farmed Siberian sturgeon. In Proceedings of the third international symposium on sturgeons. Edited by A. D. Gershanovick and T.I.J. Smith. VNIRO Publ., Moscow, Russia. pp. 289–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meehan, W.E. 1909. Experiments in sturgeon culture. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 39: 85–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, J.T., and Bunter, A. 1996. White sturgeon culture at Sierra Aquafarms, Inc. In: Culture and Management of Sturgeon and Paddlefish. Edited by S. Doroshov, F. Binkowski, T. Thuemler and D. MacKinlay. Physiology Section of the American Fisheries Society. pp. 113–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D. 1991. Evaluation of activator solutions, motility duration, and short-term storage of paddlefish spermatozoa. J. World Aqua. Soc. 22: 224–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D. 2001. Aquaculture of paddlefish in the United States. Aquat. Living Resour. 14: 391–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., and Durborow, R.M. 1998. Propagation and culture of the American paddlefish Polyodon spathula. Cooperative Extension Service, Land Grant Program, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY. U.S.A. Video (VHS) no. 1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., and Shelton, W.L. 1998. Induced meiotic gynogenesis in shovelnose sturgeon. Aquacult. Int. 6: 323–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., and Shelton, W.L. 1999. Monosex culture of paddlefish and shovelnose sturgeon. In Proceedings of the symposium on the harvest, trade and conservation of north American paddlefish and sturgeon. Edited by D.F. Williamson, G.W. Benz and C.M. Craig. TRAFFIC North America/World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC. pp. 67–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., Shelton, W.L., and Clark, J.A. 1995a. Steroid-induced sex reversal of paddlefish. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium of Reproductive Physiology of Fish. Edited by F. Goetz and P. Thomas. University of Texas, Austin, Texas. pp. 129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., Clark, J.A., Williams, J.C., and Lovshin, L.L. 1995b. Food selection by larval paddlefish Polyodon spathula supplied with rice bran to promote production of live foods, with prepared diets, or with their combination in earthen ponds. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 26: 438–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., Shelton, W.L., Linhart, O., and Wang, C. 1997. Induced meiotic gynogenesis of paddlefish, Polyodon spathula. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 28: 334–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., Shelton, W.L., Wynne, F.S., and Onders, R.J. 1999. Production of paddlefish. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publ. No. 437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., Tsvetkova, L.I., Brown, G.G., and Gomelsky, B.I. 2000. Cryopreservation of sperm of sturgeon and paddlefish. In Cryopreservation in Aquatic species. Edited by T.R. Tiersch and P.M. Mazik. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. pp. 121–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., Lazur, A., Shelton, W.L., Gomelsky, B., and Chapman, F. 2002. Species profile. Production of Sturgeon. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publ. No. 7200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mims, S.D., Onders, R. J., Gomelsky, B., and Shelton, W.L.. 2004. Effectiveness of the minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for removal of ovulated eggs from first-time and second-time MIST-spawned paddlefish. N. Amer. J. Aquacult. 66: 70–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moberg, G.P., and Doroshov, S.I. 1992. Reproduction in cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 106: 99–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghim, M., Vajhi, A.R., Veshkini, A., and Masoudifard, M. 2002. Determination of sex and maturity in Acipenser stellatus by using ultrasonography. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18:325–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohler, J.W. 2000. Early culture of the American Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 and preliminary stocking trials. Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 16: 203–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohler, J.W. In press. Culture manual for the Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadley, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohler, J.W. and Fletcher, J.W. 1999. Induced spermiation in wild Atlantic sturgeons held captive up to six years. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 61: 70–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohler, J.W., Fynn-Aikins, K., and Barrows, R. 1996. Feeding trials with juvenile Atlantic sturgeons propagated from wild broodstock. Prog. Fish-Cult. 58:173–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohler, J.W., King, M.K., and Farrell, P.R. 2000. Growth and survival of first-feeding and fingerling Atlantic sturgeon under culture conditions. N. Am. J. Aquacult. 62: 174–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monaco, G., and Doroshov, S.I. 1983. Mechanical de-adhesion and incubation of white sturgeon eggs (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson). Aquaculture 35: 117–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B.J., Hung, S.S.O., and Medrano, J.F. 1988. Protein requirement of hatchery-produced juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Aquaculture 71: 235–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubcheno, J., Mooney, H., and Troell, M. 2000. Effects of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature 405:1017–1024.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, R.L., Williams, S.L., and Strong, D.R. 2001. Aquaculture-a gateway for exotic species. Science 294:1655–1656.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Needham, R.G. 1965. Spawning of paddlefish induced by means of pituitary material. Prog. Fish-Cult. 27: 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nocillado, J.N., Van Eenennaam, J.P., and Doroshov, S.I. 1999. Final ovarian maturation and egg quality in hormonally-induced white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). J.Appl. Ichthyol. 15: 319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onders, R.J., Mims, S.D., Wang, C., and Pearson, W.D. 2001. Reservoir ranching of paddlefish. N. Amer. J. Aquacult. 63: 179–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parauka, F.M., Troxel, W.J., Chapman, F.A., and McBay, L.G. 1991. Hormone-induced ovulation and artificial spawning of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi). Prog. Fish-Cult. 53: 113–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peykani, G.R. 1993. Economic feasibility analyses of sturgeon aquaculture in the United States: an application of dynamic linear programming. PhD dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, H. 1890. The sturgeon, some experiments in hatching. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 19: 36–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, R.J., Hung, S.S.O., Conte, F.S., and Strange, E.M. 1989. Processing yields and proximate composition of cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). J. Food Sci. 54: 216–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, E.E. 1905. The Canadian sturgeon and caviar industries. Can. Sess. Pap. No. 22. Spec. Append. Rep., 1iii-1xx. Government Printing Bureau, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruter, A.T. 1972. Review of commercial fisheries in the Columbia River and in contiguous ocean waters. In The Columbia River estuary and adjacent ocean waters: bioenvironmental studies. Edited by A.T. Pruter and D.L. Alverson. University of Washington Press, Seattle. pp. 81–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purkett, C.A., Jr. 1963. Artificial propagation of paddlefish. Prog. Fish Cult. 25(1): 31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raymakers, C., and Hoover, C. 2002. Acipenseriformes: CITES implementation from Range States to consumer countries. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18: 629–638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodewald, J. 2001. Do good while eating well. Gourmet 61: 152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodzen, J.A. 2001. Preservation of genetic variation within aquaculture stocks of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California, Davis, California, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodzen, J.A., and May, B. 2002. Inheritance of microsatellite loci in the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Genome 45: 1064–1076.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodzen, J.A., Famula, T., and May, B. 2004. Estimation of parentage and relatedness in the polyploidy white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) using a dominant marker approach for duplicated microsatellite loci. Aquaculture 232: 165–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romashov, D.D., Nikolyukin, N. I., Belyaeva, V.N., and Timofeeva, N.A. 1963. Possibilities of producing diploid radiation-induced gynogenesis in sturgeons. Radiobiology 3: 145–154. (Translated from Radiobiologiya 3: 104–109).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronyai, A., and Varadi, L. 1995. The sturgeons. In Production of aquatic animals. Edited by C.E. Nash and A.J. Novotny. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 95–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, R.M., and Bennett, R.M. 1997. Comparative behaviour and dietary effects in early life phases of American sturgeons. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 4: 17–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruer, P.M., Cech, J.J. Jr., and Doroshov, S.I. 1987. Routine metabolism of the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus: effect of population density and hypoxia. Aquaculture 62: 45–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, T.R. 1986. Biology and life history of the paddlefish-a review. In The paddlefish: status, management, and propagation. Edited by J.G. Dillard, L.K. Graham, and T.R. Russell. Amer. Fish. Soc., North Central Division, Special Publ. 7, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 2–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, J.A. 1890. The sturgeon and sturgeon industries of the eastern coast of the United States, with an account of experiments bearing upon sturgeon culture. U.S. Fish. Comm. Bull. 8:231–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, B.J., Fadel, J.G., and Wade, E.M. 2003. Economic optimization modeling of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) caviar and meat production under different management conditions. Aquaculture 217: 409–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sbikin, Y.N., and Budayev, S.V. 1991. Some aspects of the development of feeding relationships in groups of young sturgeons (Acipenseridae) during artificial rearing. J. Ichthyol. 31: 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Secor, D.H., and Gunderson, T.E. 1998. Effects of hypoxia and temperature on survival, growth, and respiration of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus. Fish. Bull. 96: 603–613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, W.L., and Mims, S.D. 1995. Oocyte staging in paddlefish, Polyodon spathula. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 56: 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, W.L., Mims, S.D., Clark, J.A., Hiott, A.E., and Wang, C. 1997. A temperature-dependent index of mitotic interval (t0) for chromosome manipulation in paddlefish and shovelnose sturgeon. Prog. Fish-Cult. 59: 229–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., and Dingley, E.K. 1984. Review of biology and culture of Atlantic (Acipenser oxyrinchus) and shortnose sturgeon (A. brevirostrum). J. World Maricult. Soc. 14: 210–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., and Jenkins, W.E. 1991. Development of a shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, stock enhancement program in north America.. In Acipenser Actes du premier colloque international su ľesturgeon. Edited by P. Williot. CEMAGREF, Bordeaux, France. pp. 329–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., and Clugston, J.P. 1997. Status and management of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, in North America. Environ. Biol. Fish. 48: 335–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., Dingley, E.K., and Marchette, D.E. 1980. Induced spawning and culture of Atlantic sturgeon. Prog. Fish-Cult. 42: 147–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., Dingley, E.K., and Marchette, D.E. 1981. Culture trials with Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, in the USA. J. World Maricult. Soc. 12: 78–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., Dingley, E.K., Lindsey, R.D., Van Sant, S.B., Smiley, R.A., and Stokes, A.D. 1986. Spawning and culture of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum. J. World Maricult. Soc. 16: 104–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., Heyward, L.D., Jenkins, W.E., and Collins, M.R. 1995. Culture and stock enhancement of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, in the southern United States. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Sturgeons. Edited by A.D. Gershanovich and T.I.J. Smith. VNIRO Publishing, Moscow. pp. 204–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.I.J., Collins, M.C., Post, W.C., and McCord, J.W. 2002. Stock enhancement of shortnose sturgeon: a case study. In Biology, management, and protection of north American sturgeon. Edited by W. Van Winkle, P.J. Anders, D.H. Secor, and D.A. Dixon. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 28, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Pierre, R.A. 1999. Restoration of Atlantic sturgeon in the northeastern USA with special emphasis on culture and restocking. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15: 180–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, L. 2001. Good eggs. Wine Spectator. 26: 126–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Štěch, L., Linhart, O., Shelton, W.L., and Mims, S.D. 1999. Minimally invasive surgical removal of ovulated eggs from paddlefish. Aqua. Int. 7: 129–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternin, V., and Dore, I. 1993. Caviar — the resource book. Cultura, Moscow, Russia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, L. 1900. The spawning habits of the lake sturgeon (Acipenser rubicundus). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 29: 118–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, R. 2002. Caspian ecology teeters on the brink. Science 295:430–433.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Summerfelt, R.C., and Smith, L.S. 1990. Anesthesia, surgery, and related techniques. In Methods for fish biology. Edited by C.B. Schreck and P.B. Moyle. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 213–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, S.L., and Piedrahita, R.H. 1996. Measurements of metabolic rates of sturgeon and striped bass under commercial culture conditions. Aquacultural engineering society proceedings II: Successes and failures in commercial recirculating aquaculture. 2: 481–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, S.L., and Piedrahita, R.H. 1997. Oxygen consumption rates of white sturgeon under commercial conditions. Aquacult. Eng. 16: 227–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, S.L., and Piedrahita, R.H. 1998. Apparent ammonia-nitrogen production rates of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in commercial aquaculture systems. Aquacult. Eng. 17: 45–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toth, G.P., Ciereszko, A., Christ, S.A., and Dabrowski, K. 1997. Objective analysis of sperm motility in the lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens: activation and inhibition conditions. Aquaculture 154: 337–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsvetkova, L.I., Cosson, J., Linhart, O., and Billard, R. 1996. Motility and fertilizing capacity of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa in sturgeons Acipenser baeri and A. ruthenus. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 12: 107–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Eenennaam, A.L., Van Eenennaam, J.P., Medrano, J.F., and Doroshov, S.I. 1996. Rapid verification of meiotic gynogenesis and polyploidy in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson). Aquaculture 147: 177–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Eenennaam, A.L., Van Eenennaam, J.P., Medrano, J.F., and Doroshov, S.I. 1999. Evidence of female heterogametic genetic sex determination in white sturgeon. J. Heredity 90: 231–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Eenennaam, J.P., Webb, M.A.H., Deng, X., Doroshov, S.I., Mayfield, R.B., Cech, J.J. Jr., Hillemeier, D.C., and Willson, T.E. 2001. Artificial spawning and larval rearing of Klamath River green sturgeon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 130: 159–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varner, P.W. 2000. Anesthetics. In Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. Edited by R.R. Stickney. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, New York. pp. 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, E.M., and Fadel, J.G. 1997. Optimization of caviar and meat production from white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Agricult. Syst. 54: 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Mills, S.D., and Xiong, Y.L. 1995. Consumer acceptability of paddlefish, a potential aquaculture species. Meat Focus Int. 4: 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.L., Binkowski, F.P., and Doroshov, S.I. 1985. Effect of temperature on early development of white and lake sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus and Acipenser fulvescens. In North Americans sturgeons: Biology and aquaculture potential. Edited by F.P. Binkowski and S.I. Doroshov. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 43–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.L., Buddington, R.K., and Doroshov, S.I. 1987. Influence of temperature on yolk utilization by white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. J. Fish Biol. 30: 263–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, L.R., Yun, S.C., Groff, J.M., and Hedrick, R.P. 1995. Characteristics and pathogenicity of a novel herpes virus isolated from adult and sub adult white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Dis. Aquat. Org. 22: 199–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, M.A.H., Van Eenennaam, J.P., Doroshov, S.I., and Moberg, G.P. 1999. Preliminary observations on the effects of holding temperature on reproductive performance of female white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson. Aquaculture 176: 315–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, M.A.H., Van Eenennaam, J.P., Feist, G., Linares-Casenave, J., Fitzpatrick, M., Schreck, C.B., and Doroshov, S.I. 2001. Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon. Aquaculture 201: 137–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, M.A.H., Feist, G.W., Foster, E.P., Shreck, C.B., and Fitzpatrick, M.S. 2002. Potential classification of sex and stage of gonadal maturity of wild white sturgeon using blood plasma indicators. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 131: 132–142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, C.S., Mims, S.D., Tidwell, J.H., and Yancey, D.H. 1991. Comparison of live food organisms and prepared diets as first food for paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum), fry. Aquacult. Fish. Manage. 22: 155–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedemeyer, G.A. 1996. Physiology of fish in intensive culture systems. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williot, P.R., Brun, T., Rouault, T., and Rooryck, O. 1991. Management of female spawners on the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt: first results. In Acipenser Actes du premier colloque international su ľesturgeon. Edited by P. Williot. CEMAGREF, Bordeaux, France. pp. 365–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williot, P., Kopeika, E.F., and Goncharov. 2000. Influence of testis state, temperature and delay in semen collection on spermatozoa motility in the cultured Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt). Aquaculture 189: 53–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yesaki, T.Y., Ek, R., Siple, J., Van Eenennaam, J.P., and Doroshov, S.I. 2002. The effects of iodophor disinfection and transportation on the survival to hatch of fertilized white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) eggs. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18: 639–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA

    Joel P. Van Eenennaam

  2. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 N.W. 71st Street, Gainesville, Florida, 32653, USA

    Frank A. Chapman

  3. Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada, L7R 4A6

    Peter L. Jarvis

Authors
  1. Joel P. Van Eenennaam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Frank A. Chapman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter L. Jarvis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Greg T. O. LeBreton F. William H. Beamish R. Scott McKinley

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Van Eenennaam, J.P., Chapman, F.A., Jarvis, P.L. (2004). Aquaculture. In: LeBreton, G.T.O., Beamish, F.W.H., McKinley, R.S. (eds) Sturgeons and Paddlefish of North America. Fish & Fisheries Series, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2833-4_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation