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Carbon X-ray Raman Spectroscopy of PAHs and Asphaltenes

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Asphaltenes, Heavy Oils, and Petroleomics

Abstract

The application of x-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRRS) to gain information about the local structure of carbonaceous systems including complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and asphaltenes is discussed in this chapter. This novel approach to directly probe carbon type in such systems has become practical only recently with the help of intense new synchrotron x-ray sources and innovation in spectrograph design. XRRS is the energy loss version of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) a technique well established to characterize local structure and chemistry in an element-specific manner. At the carbon K-edge conventional XAS lies in the so-called soft x-ray region, and its application to numerous systems and experimental conditions encounters severe problems related to the submicron path length of soft x-rays and electrons. In contrast, XRRS is based on hard x-rays (6–10 keV) and provides a means for obtaining bulk carbon XAS with the advantage of a much more penetrating probe (~mm path length). We will discuss the theoretical and experimental background of XRRS, and will show with the help of several examples how this technique enables understanding of the structure of asphaltenes and other related materials.

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Authors
  1. Uwe Bergmann
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  2. Oliver C. Mullins
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Schlumberger-Doll Research, 36 Old Quarry Road Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877, United States

    Oliver C. Mullins

  2. Vanton Research Laboratory, Inc., 7 Olde Creek Place, Lafayette, California, 94549, United States

    Eric Y. Sheu

  3. Schlumberger Oilfield Services, Edmonton, Alberta, T6N 1M9, Canada

    Ahmed Hammami

  4. Chemistry and Biochemistry, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, United States

    Alan G. Marshall

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Bergmann, U., Mullins, O.C. (2007). Carbon X-ray Raman Spectroscopy of PAHs and Asphaltenes. In: Mullins, O.C., Sheu, E.Y., Hammami, A., Marshall, A.G. (eds) Asphaltenes, Heavy Oils, and Petroleomics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-68903-6_5

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