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Functional Assessment of Fibroblast Heterogeneity by the Cell-Surface Glycoprotein Thy-1

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Tissue Repair, Contraction and the Myofibroblast

Part of the book series: Biotechnology Intelligence Unit ((BIOIU))

Abstract

Fibroblasts are a heterogeneous population of structural cells whose primary function is the production of extracellular matrix for normal tissue maintenance and repair. However, fibroblasts provide much more than structural support as they synthesize and respond to many different cytokines and lipid mediators and are intimately involved in the processes of inflammation. It is now appreciated that fibroblasts exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity, differing not only between organ systems, but also within a given anatomical site. Subtypes of fibroblasts can be identified by the expression of markers such as Thy-1, a cell surface glycoprotein of unknown function. Initial characterization of fibroblasts as Thy-1+ or Thy-1− can be performed by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry. They can be sorted according to their expression of Thy-1 by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), cloning and/or magnetic beading, yielding greater than 99% purity. Fibroblasts that are separated into Thy-1+ and Thy-1− subsets exhibit differences in their morphological, immunological and proliferative responses and ability to differentiate into a-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts and adipocyte-like lipofibroblasts, key cells for wound healing and fibrotic disorders. The identification of Thy-1 as a surface marker by which to separate fibroblast subtypes has yielded vital insight into diseases such as scarring and wound healing and highlights the concept of fibroblast heterogeneity. Future research into fibroblast subsets may lead to the tissue-specific treatment of disease such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and Graves’ ophthalmopathy.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA

    Terry J. Smith

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA

    David Foster

  3. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA

    Patricia J. Sime

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA

    Steve Feldon

  5. Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 850, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA

    Carolyn J. Baglole & Richard P. Phipps

Authors
  1. Carolyn J. Baglole
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  2. Terry J. Smith
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  3. David Foster
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  4. Patricia J. Sime
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  5. Steve Feldon
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  6. Richard P. Phipps
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Richard P. Phipps .

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© 2006 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media

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Baglole, C.J., Smith, T.J., Foster, D., Sime, P.J., Feldon, S., Phipps, R.P. (2006). Functional Assessment of Fibroblast Heterogeneity by the Cell-Surface Glycoprotein Thy-1. In: Tissue Repair, Contraction and the Myofibroblast. Biotechnology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-33650-8_4

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