Abstract
Radiation therapy is extensively used to treat a wide range of cancers. Due to the increasing complexities of delivery mechanisms, and the improved imaging devices that allow more accurate determination of cancer location, determination of high quality treatment plans via trial-and-error methods is impractical and computer optimization approaches to planning are becoming more critical and more difficult.
We outline three examples of the types of treatment planning problem that can arise in practice and strive to understand the commonalities and differences in these problems. We highlight optimization approaches to the problems, and particularly consider approaches based on mixed integer programming. Details of the mathematical formulations and algorithmic approaches are developed and pointers are given to supporting literature that shows the efficacy of the approaches in practical situations.
This material is based on research partially supported by the National Science Foundation Grants ACI-0113051, DMI-0100220, and CCR-9972372 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant F49620-01-1-0040.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
G. Arcangeli, M. Benassi, L. Nieddu, C. Passi, G. Patrizi, and M.T. Russo. Optimal adaptive control of treatment planning in radiation therapy. European Journal of Operational Research, 140:399–412, 2002.
BBIN. Biomedical Business International Newsletter, pages 72–75, 1996.
N. Boland, H.W. Hamacher, and F. Lenzen. Minimizing beam-on time in cancer radiation treatment using multileaf collimators. Networks, forthcoming, 2004.
T. R. Bortfeld, D. L. Kahler, T. J. Waldron, and A. L. Boyer. X-ray field compensation with multileaf collimators. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 28(3):723–730, 1994.
A. Brahme. Biological and physical dose optimization in radiation therapy. In J.G. Fortner and J.E. Rhoads, editors, Accomplishments in Cancer Research, pages 265–298. General Motors Cancer Research Foundation, 1991.
A. Brahme. Optimization of radiation therapy and the development of multileaf collimation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 25:373–375, 1993.
A. Brahme. Treatment optimization: Using physical and radiobiological objective functions. In A. R. Smith, editor, Radiation Therapy Physics, pages 209–246. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995.
L. Brewster, R. Mohan, G. Mageras, C. Burman, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks. Three dimensional conformal treatment planning with multileaf collimators. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 33(5): 1081–1089, 1995.
A. Brooke, D. Kendrick, and A. Meeraus. GAMS: A User’s Guide. The Scientific Press, South San Francisco, California, 1988.
Y. Censor. Parallel application of block-iterative methods in medical imaging and radiation therapy. Mathematical Programming, 42:307–325, 1988.
P. S. Cho, H. G. Kuterdem, and R. J. Marks. A spherical dose model for radiosurgery treatment planning. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 43:3145–3148, 1998.
A. Drud. CONOPT: A GRG code for large sparse dynamic nonlinear optimization problems. Mathematical Programming, 31:153–191, 1985.
W. D. D’Souza and R. R. Meyer. An intraoperative reoptimization framework for prostate implant treatment plans. Technical report, Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, in preparation 2003.
W. D. D’Souza, R. R. Meyer, M. C. Ferris, and B. R. Thomadsen. Mixed integer programming models for prostate brachytherapy treatment optimization. Medical Physics, 26(6): 1099, 1999.
W. D. D’Souza, R. R. Meyer, B. R. Thomadsen, and M. C. Ferris. An iterative sequential mixed-integer approach to automated prostate brachytherapy treatment optimization. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 46:297–322, 2001.
M. C. Ferris, J.-H. Lim, and D. M. Shepard. Optimization approaches for treatment planning on a Gamma Knife. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 13:921–937, 2003.
M. C. Ferris, J.-H. Lim, and D. M. Shepard. Radiosurgery treatment planning via nonlinear programming. Annals of Operations Research, 119:247–260,2003.
M. C. Ferris and D. M. Shepard. Optimization of Gamma Knife radio-surgery. In D.-Z. Du, P. Pardalos, and J. Wang, editors, Discrete Mathematical Problems with Medical Applications, volume 55 of DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, pages 27–44. American Mathematical Society, 2000.
M. C. Ferris and M. M. Voelker. Neuro-dynamic programming for radiation treatment planning. Numerical Analysis Group Research Report NA-02/06, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, 2002.
J. C. Ganz. Gamma Knife Surgery. Springer-Verlag Wien, Austria, 1997.
H. W. Hamacher and K.-H. Küfer. Inverse radiation therapy planning — a multiple objective optimization approach. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 118:145–161,2002.
ILOG CPLEX Division, 889 Alder Avenue, Incline Village, Nevada. CPLEX Optimizer. http://www.cplex.com/.
L.C. Jones and P.W. Hoban. Treatment plan comparison using equivalent uniform biologically effective dose (EUBED). Physics in Medicine and Biology, pages 159–170, 2000.
H. M. Kooy, L. A. Nedzi, J. S. Loeffler, E. Alexander, C. Cheng, E. Man-narino, E. Holupka, and R. Siddon. Treatment planning for streotactic radiosurgery of intra-cranial lesions. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 21:683–693, 1991.
L. Shi L. and S. Olafsson. Nested partitions method for global optimization. Operations Research, 48:390–407, 2000.
M. Langer, S. Morrill, R. Brown, O. Lee, and R. Lane. A comparison of mixed integer programming and fast simulated annealing for optimized beam weights in radiation therapy. Medical Physics, 23:957–964, 1996.
M. Langer, V. Thai, and L. Papiez. Improved leaf sequencing reduces segments or monitor units needed to deliver IMRT using multileaf colli-mators. Medical Physics, 28(12):2450–2458, 2001.
E. K. Lee, T. Fox, and I. Crocker. Optimization of radiosurgery treatment planning via mixed integer programming. Medical Physics, 27:995–1004, 2000.
E. K. Lee, R. J. Gallagher, D. Silvern, C. S. Wuu, and M. Zaider. Treatment planning for brachytherapy: an integer programming model, two computational approaches and experiments with permanent prostate implant planning. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 44:145–165, 1999.
L. Luo, H. Shu, W. Yu, Y. Yan, X. Bao, and Y. Fu. Optimizing computerized treatment planning for the Gamma Knife by source culling. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 45(5): 1339–1346, 1999.
R. R. Meyer, W. D. D’Souza, M. C. Ferris, and B. R. Thomadsen. MIP models and BB strategies in brachytherapy treatment optimization. Journal of Global Optimization, 25:23–42, 2003.
S. M. Morrill, K. S. Lam, R. G. Lane, M. Langer, and I.I. Rosen. Very fast simulated annealing in radiation therapy treatment plan optimization. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 31:179–188, 1995.
A. Niemierko. Radiobiological models of tissue response to radiation in treatment planning systems. Tumori, 84:140–143, 1998.
F. Preciado-Walters, R. Rardin, M. Langer, and V. Thai. A coupled column generation, mixed-integer approach to optimal planning of intensity modulated radiation therapy for cancer. Technical report, Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, 2002.
W. Que. Comparison of algorithms for multileaf collimator field segmentation. Medical Physics, 26:2390–2396, 1999.
W. Schlegel and A. Mahr, editors. 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy-A Multimedia Introduction to Methods and Techniques. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
D. M. Shepard, L. S. Chin, S. J. DiBiase, S. A. Naqvi, J. Lim, and M. C. Ferris. Clinical implementation of an automated planning system for Gamma Knife radiosurgery. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 56:1488–1494, 2003.
D. M. Shepard, M. C. Ferris, G. Olivera, and T. R. Mackie. Optimizing the delivery of radiation to cancer patients. SIAM Review, 41:721–744, 1999.
D. M. Shepard, M. C. Ferris, R. Ove, and L. Ma. Inverse treatment planning for Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Medical Physics, 27:2748–2756, 2000.
D.M. Shepard, M.A. Earl, X.A. Li, and C. Yu. Direct aperture optimization: A turnkey solution for step-and-shoot IMRT. Medical Physics, 29:1007–1018, 2002.
R. A. Stone, V. Smith, and L. Verhey. Inverse planning for the Gamma Knife. Medical Physics, 20:865, 1993.
J. Wang. Packing of unequal spheres and automated radiosurgical treatment planning. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 3:453–463, 1999.
S Webb. Optimisation of conformal radiotherapy dose distributions by simulated annealing. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 34(10): 1349–1370, 1989.
S. Webb. Inverse planning for imrt: the role of simulated annealing. In E. Sternick, editor, The Theory and Practice of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. Advanced Medical Publishing, 1997.
S. Webb. Configuration options for intensity-modulated radiation therapy usi ng multiple static fields shaped by a multileaf collimator. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 43:241–260, 1998.
S. Webb. Configuration options for intensity-modulated radiation therapy using multiple static fields shaped by a multileaf collimator. II: Constraints and limitations on 2D modulation. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 43:1481–1495, 1998.
A. Wu, G. Lindner, and A. H. Maitz et al. Physics of gamma knife approach on convergent beams in stereotactic radiosurgery. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 18(4):941–949, 1990.
Q. J. Wu. Sphere packing using morphological analysis. In D.-Z. Du, P. Pardalos, and J. Wang, editors, Discrete Mathematical Problems with Medical Applications, volume 55 of DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, pages 45–54. American Mathematical Society, 2000.
Q. J. Wu and J. D. Bourland. Morphology-guided radiosurgery treatment planning and optimization for multiple isocenters. Medical Physics, 26(10):2151–2160, 1999.
Q. J. Wu, J. Wang, and C. H. Sibata. Optimization problems in 3D con-formal radiation therapy. In D.-Z. Du, P. Pardalos, and J. Wang, editors, Discrete Mathematical Problems with Medical Applications, volume 55 of DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, pages 183–194. American Mathematical Society, 2000.
P. Xia and L.J. Verhey. Multileaf collimator leaf sequencing algorithm for intensity modula ted beams with multiple static segments. Medical Physics, 25(8): 1424–1434, 1998.
Y. Yan, H. Shu, and X. Bao. Clinical treatment planning optimization by Powell’s method for Gamma unit treatment system. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, 39:247–254, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ferris, M.C., Meyer, R.R., D’Souza, W. (2006). Radiation Treatment Planning: Mixed Integer Programming Formulations and Approaches. In: Appa, G., Pitsoulis, L., Williams, H.P. (eds) Handbook on Modelling for Discrete Optimization. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 88. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32942-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32942-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-32941-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-32942-0
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)