Skip to main content

Physical Design Automation

  • Chapter
  • 1415 Accesses

Abstract

The paper addresses physical design automation methodologies and tools in which cells are generated on the fly as a form of contributing to power and time optimizations and improving the convergence of the design process. By not being restricted to cell libraries it is possible to implement any logic function defined at logic synthesis, including static CMOS complex gates – SCCG. The use of SCCG reduces the amount of transistors and helps to reduce wire length and static power. Main strategies for automatic layout generation, like transistor topology, contact and via management, body ties placement, power lines disposition and transistor sizing come into account. For both standard cell and automatic layout generation methodologies, a good set of placement and routing algorithms is needed. This work addresses convergence issues of the methodology as well, including some key strategies that help the development of efficient CAD tools that can find better layout solutions than those from traditional standard cell and fixed-die methodologies

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • SIA International Semiconductor Roadmap, Semiconductor Industry Association (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zenasis, ‘‘Design Optimization with Automated Flex-Cell Creation,’’ in Closing the Gap Between ASIC & Custom Tools and Techniques for High-Performance ASIC Design, D. Chinnery and K. Keutzer eds, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-4020-7113-2, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Detjens, E., Gannot, G., Rudell, R., Sangiovanni-Vinccentelli, A.L. and Wang, A. Technology Mapping in MIS. Proceedings of ICCAD (1987) 116-119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, A.; Robert, M.; Auvergne, D. and Reis, R. (1995) Associating CMOS Transistors with BDD Arcs for Technology Mapping. Electronic Letters, Vol. 31, No 14 (July 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, A., Reis, R., Robert, M., Auvergne, D. Library Free Technology Mapping. In: VLSI: Integrated Systems on Silicon, Chapman-Hall (1997) pg. 303-314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hentschke, R.; Reis, R., Pic-Plac: A Novel Constructive Algorithm for Placement, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uehara, T.; Cleemput, W. Optimal Layout of CMOS Functional Arrays. IEEE Transactions on Computes, v.C-30, n.5, p.305-312, May 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherwani. Algorithms for Physical Design Automation, Kluwer Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarrafzadeh, M., Wang, M., Yang, X., Modern Placement Techniques. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cong, J., Shinnerl, R., Multilevel Optimization in VLSICAD. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, C., Cong, J., Xie M.. Optimality and Scalability Study of Existing Placement Algorithms. ASP-DAC, Los Alamitos: IEEE Society Computer Press, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • FastPlace: efficient analytical placement using cell shifting, iterative local refinement and a hybrid net model. International Symposium on Physical Design ISPD 2004. Proceedings. New York: ACM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ameya R. Agnihotri, Satoshi Ono, Patrick H. Madden. Presentation of Feng Shui. International Symposium on Physical Design ISPD 2005. Proceedings. New York: ACM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chris Chu, Natarajan Viswanathan, Min Pan. Presentation of FastPlace. International Symposium on Physical Design ISPD 2005. Proceedings. New York: ACM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vujkovic, M.; Wadkins, D.; Swartz, B.; Sechen, C. Efficient timing closure without timing driven placement and routing. In: Design Automation Conference, Proceedings, 2004. p. 268-273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johann, M., Reis, R., Net by Net Routing with a New Path Search Algorithm. 13th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design, Manaus, Proceedings, IEEE Computer Society Press (2000) pg. 144-149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazzari, Cristiano. Automatic Layout Generation of Static CMOS Circuits Targeting Delay and Power Reduction. Master Dissertation. UFRGS/PPGC. Porto Alegre. 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johann, M.; Reis, R. A Full Over-the-Cell Routing Model. In: IFIP International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, VLSI, 8, 1995, Chiba, Japan. Proceedings, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terai, M.; Takahashi, K.; Shirota, H.; Sato, K.. A new efficient routing method for channel-less sea-of-gates arrays. Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Tseng; Sechen, C.; A gridless multilayer router for standard cell circuits using CTM cells. IEEE Trans. On CAD, Volume 18, Issue 10, Oct. 1999 Page(s):1462-1479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johann, M.; Reis, R. LEGAL: An Algorithm for Simultaneous Net Routing. In: Brazilian Symposium on Integrated Circuit Design, 14, Pirinòpolis, 2001 Proceedings. Los Alamitos: IEEE, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johann, M.; Reis, R. A LEGAL Algorithm Following Global Routing. In: Brazilian Symposium on Integrated Circuit Design, 15, Porto Alegre, 2002 Proceedings, Los Alamitos: IEEE, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reis, R., Güntzel, J., Johann, M. (2006). Physical Design Automation. In: Reis, R., Lubaszewski, M., Jess, J.A. (eds) Design of Systems on a Chip: Design and Test. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32500-X_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32500-X_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-32499-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-32500-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics